PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, management and long-term outcomes of disorders of sex development, specifically women with Swyer syndrome (46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis). RECENT FINDINGS Recent discoveries have broadened our understanding of the complex pathways involved in normal and abnormal sex development. In 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, lack of test...

BACKGROUND Previous research has noted higher cancer mortality rates and lower survival among males than females. However, systematic comparisons of these two metrics by sex have been limited. METHODS We extracted U.S. vital rates and survival data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database for 36 cancers by sex and age for the period 1977 to 2006. We compared sex-specific m...

The Double Deficit Hypothesis posits that four mutually exclusive subgroups can be identified in a reading disabled (RD) sample. These subgroups are predicted to differ on reading measures, and further evidence suggests they may differ on other academic achievement (AA) and neuropsychological (NP) measures, as well as sex ratios and rate of ADHD diagnosis. Two hundred twenty six college-level a...

•Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) may have sex cord differentiation, usually focal.•Diagnosis of ESS is difficult when variant morphology predominates.•Prognosis differs between ESS and UTROSCT; therefore, distinction is critical.•Extensive tumor sampling is mandatory to identify neoplastic endometrial stroma.•Sex cord differentiation may be associated with endometrial hyperplasia.

Ovotesticular disorder of sex development is historically thought to confer a relatively low risk of germ cell malignancy relative to other disorders of sex development. This is likely due in part to the high prevalence of a normal 46,XX karyotype in these patients. However, disorders of sex development represent a broad phenotypic spectrum, and often patients cannot be neatly categorized with ...

AIM To investigate sex differences in clinical presentation in younger and older patients hospitalised with a wide spectrum of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 10253 patients with a discharge diagnosis of ACS in the Euro Heart Survey of patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. There were 1010 women and 3709 men < 65 years. Among patients <65 years, fewer women th...

1 Sex diagnosis is important in ecology, evolution, conservation biology, medicine, and food production. However, sex diagnosis is difficult in species without conspicuous sexual dimorphism or at life stages before such differences develop. This problem is exacerbated when the diagnostic trait is a continuous (non-discrete) variable to which general analytical methods are not commonly applied. ...

Widespread disparities in white matter (WM) microstructure and organization have been found in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, little is known about the role sex plays in these differences. The present diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study performed whole-brain, tract-based, voxel-wise, and region of interest (ROI) analyses to investigate WM microstruct...

OBJECTIVE This article reviews sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity among individuals with substance use disorders and, in particular, the clinical significance of these differences for treatment outcome among women. METHOD We undertook a computerized search of major health care databases. To enhance the search, we drew prior relevant articles from the reference list. RESULTS Women wi...

Background: Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are characterized by the gain or loss of entire parts sex chromosomes.Methods: In 5212 cases studied over last 10 years in Medical Genetics Department, we found 3793 (72.78%) other chromosomal establishments and 1419 (27.22%) using retrospective archive-file scanning method.Results: 839 (31.32%) with anomalies were female, 580 (22.8%) male. While T...