BACKGROUND In severe stable hypercapnic COPD patients the amount of pressure time product (PTP) spent to counterbalance their dynamic intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure (PEEPi,dyn) is high: no data are available on the best setting of non invasive pressure support ventilation (NPSV) to reduce the inspiratory muscle workload due to PEEPi,dyn. METHODS The objectives of this randomised c...

Tubing circuits primed with water were constructed on two roller pumps to characterize and compare two static methods of setting the occlusion on roller pumps (fluid drop rate and pressure drop rate). Twelve separate experiments were performed in which PVC boot tubing diameters (1/2 in, 3/8 in and 1/4 in), roller position (each roller alone on a two roller pump) and roller occlusion (total occl...

this study focuses on the relationship between lower-intermediate level efl learners’ metacognitive awareness and accuracy in self-assessment of a speaking test. we tried to raise the learners’ metacognitive awareness through practice in goal-setting and planning. to do so, 103 lower-intermediate level students took a pretest of speaking, completed a metacognitive awareness questionnaire, and h...

i ntroduction: the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether adding 2% chlorhexidine (chx) and 2.6% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) to calcium-enriched mixture (cem) cement would affect its setting time (st), or not. methods and materials: in this study, the setting time of cem cement was evaluated in three groups ( n =9) as follows: group 1; cem cement, group 2; cem cement+2% chx and group ...

the process of determining the minimum pass level to separate the competent students from those who do not perform well enough is called standard setting. a large number of methods are widely used to set cut-scores for both written and clinical examinations. there are some challenging issues pertaining to any standard setting procedure. ignoring these concerns would result in a large dispute re...

background: intrapartam complications such as foetal malpresentation, placental abruption, dysfunctional labour, and postpartum haemorrhage are associated with grandmultiparity. in developing countries and many parts of africa and sub-saharan africa, there is limited access to medical care. there is a need in these areas to identify women whose pregnancies are at risk of complication and it is ...