Recent developments in genetics and molecular biology have classified breast cancer into subtypes based on tumor markers of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and human epidermal growth Factor-2 receptors (Her-2), with the basal-like (ER-, PR-, Her2-) subtype commonly referred to as "triple negative" breast cancer (TNBC) being the most aggressive. Prior studies have provided evidence that higher ...

background: repeated efforts by researchers to impose voice changes by laryngeal surface electrical stimulation (ses) have come to no avail. this present pre-experimental study employed a novel method for ses application so as to evoke the motor potential of the internal superior laryngeal nerve (isln) and create voice changes. methods: thirty-two normal individuals (22 females and 10 males) pa...

au cours de l’apprentissage d'une langue étrangère, l’une des stratégies pouvant aider l’apprenant à stabiliser les bases de sa langue est la stratégie d’autogestion. cette stratégie est classée parmi les stratégies métacognitives. grâce à ces dernières, l’apprenant peut procéder à contrôler et à organiser ses objectifs et ses activités. la stratégie d’autogestion, comme son nom l’indique, con...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), risk factors for HIV infection and HIV status in an urban population with high prevalence of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Cross-sectional population survey of adults from the city of Kisumu, Kenya, in 1996. Around 1000 men and 1000 women aged 15-49 years were interviewed using a structured questionnaire,...

OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and glucoregulation in later life and used a life-course framework to examine critical periods and underlying pathways. METHODS Data came from the Midlife in the US (MIDUS) national study (n = 895). Childhood SES indicators retrospectively reported at MIDUS I were used to create a childhood SES disadvantage in...

OBJECTIVE Socioeconomic status (SES) is inversely related to pediatric mortality in the community. However, it is unknown if this association exists for in-hospital pediatric mortality. Our objective was to determine the association of SES with in-hospital pediatric mortality among children's hospitals and to compare observed mortality with expected mortality generated from national all-hospita...

BACKGROUND An increase in the obese adolescent population is being recognized as a serious medical and social problem. The present study aimed to examine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity in Korean adolescents based on total available resources and local social inequality models. METHODS The present study used data from the 2013 Korea Youth Risk Behav...

PURPOSE Gastric cancer is a leading cause of death, particularly in the developing world. The literature reports individual socioeconomic status (SES) or neighborhood SES as related to survival, but the effect of both has not been studied. This study investigated the effect of individual and neighborhood SES simultaneously on mortality in gastric cancer patients in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHO...

OBJECTIVES We compared the 5-year outcomes of diabetic patients with multivessel disease treated with sirolimus-eluting stents (SES), bare-metal stents (BMS), and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) enrolled in the ARTS (Arterial Revascularization Therapy Study) I and II studies. BACKGROUND Diabetes is an established risk factor for major adverse cardiac events after revascularization...