The Cassini spacecraft demonstrated that Saturn's small moon Enceladus may harbor hydrothermal activity. In particular, molecular hydrogen production could result from water-rock interactions in a tidally heated, water-filled porous rocky core. lifetime of such reactions is key to assess the habitability potential and constrain plausible durations active stage context where evolution debated. A...

The pathway from simple abiotically made organic compounds to the molecular bricks of life, as we know it, is unknown. The most efficient geological abiotic route to organic compounds results from the aqueous dissolution of olivine, a reaction known as serpentinization (Sleep, N.H., et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 12818-12822). In addition to molecular hydrogen and a reducing envi...

The current research to study the petrography, mineralogy and geochemical relationships of ultramafic rocks in Galalah area within Erbil Governorate, at Unstable Shelf Imbricate Zone, determine origin rocks. Dunite Harzburgite are most abundant rock bodies area, they represent outer surface exposure aggregates. dunite characterized by pale brown color on altered that is broken into olive green ...

Recently two new degree concepts have been defined in graph theory: ev-degree and ve-degree. Also the evdegree and ve-degree Zagreb and Randić indices have been defined very recently as parallel of the classical definitions of Zagreb and Randić indices. It was shown that ev-degree and ve-degree topological indices can be used as possible tools in QSPR researches . In this paper we d...

The molecular topology of a graph is described by topological indices, which are numerical measures. In theoretical chemistry, indices quantities that used to represent the networks. These can be calculate several physical and chemical properties compounds, such as boiling point, entropy, heat generation, vaporization enthalpy. Graph theory comes in handy when looking at link between certain so...