a living body produces in the body antisubstances which react with the substance is an antigen. The anti-substance is an antibody which is found in the blood, plasma or serum and is contained in the serum globulin. Serological reactions are antigen-antibody reactions. They are also called immunological reactions or biological reactions. The serological technique sets up these reactions. It is a...

The aim of the present was to evaluate the prevalence of H9N2-specific antibodies among water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). To this end, blood samples were obtained from 80 randomly selected water buffaloes, 40 cases of which were obtained in the winter months, and 40 cases were sampled in the spring months. The presence of H9N2-specific antibody was determined by hemaggl...

Serological diagnosis of an acute infection can be done by the demonstration of seroconversion and/or agent-specific IgM antibodies in the serum samples. Seroconversion describes 4 fold or more increase in antibody levels of the serum samples which is collected at the acute and convelescent phase (10-15 days intervals) of an infection. As the detection of seroconversion is time-consuming, the a...

background: to study toxoplasmosis in neonates using pcr and serological methods. methods: sera and csf of 104 neonates, hospitalized in infants' ward of taleghani hospital, tehran, iran were examined. the sera were examined for anti toxoplasma gondii lgm and lgg specific antibodies with elisa and ifa techniques, respectively. meanwhile, obtained csfs of the cases were evaluated for the genome ...

cystic hydatid disease (hydatidosis) is the most serious tape-worm infection prevalent in the cattle and sheep raising area of the world. hydatidosis in man (as an accidental host) caused by infection with the ova containing larval stage of echinococcus spp. in the last decade different techniques have been employed for the serological diagnosis of hydatid disease, such as iha, ifa, elisa, ccle...

OBJECTIVE Recent studies have identified a set of serological markers for telomere dysfunction and DNA damage. The relevance of these serological markers in type 2 diabetes remains elusive. We investigated the association of serological markers (elongation factor 1α [EF-1α], stathmin, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase) with leukocyte telomere length, a functional variant of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP...

We present a case of probable tuberculous meningitis in which serological changes 'diagnostic' of herpes simplex encephalitis were found. Evidence is provided that the serological changes in this case represent a true false positive, and that reliance on clinical plus serological criteria to diagnose herpes simplex encephalitis could result in failure to diagnose and treat tuberculous meningitis.

Since the discovery by Enders, Weller, and Robbins in 1949' that poliovirus could multiply in cultures of non-nervous tissues, cell culture techniques have been used extensively in the studies of enteroviruses' for the last decade. The accumulated literature reveals that the usefulness of these culture methods is many-fold and may include virus isolation, virus multiplication studies, and serol...