We use mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics theory to describe RNA unfolding under tension. The theory introduces reaction coordinates, characterizing a continuum of states for each bond in the molecule. The unfolding considered is so slow that one can assume local equilibrium in the space of the reaction coordinates. In the quasi-stationary limit of high sequential barriers, our theory yie...

Background & Aims of the Study: A high nitrate and arsenic concentration in water resources represent a potential risk to the environment and public health. The present work improved a chemo-physically modified activated carbon derived from walnut shells as an adsorbent to improve nitrate and arsenic removal ability from water. Materials & ...

The present paper reports a spectroscopic and kinetic study of the reaction with oxygen and carbon monoxide of (a) the abnormal hemoglobin Zürich (beta 63, E7 His leads to Arg), (b) its isolated abnormal chains (beta ZH), and (c) a reconstituted hybrid containing cobalt instead of iron on the normal alpha chains (Co alpha)2-(Fe beta ZH)2. The abnormal beta ZH chains, isolated from hemoglobin Zü...

Both the refolding kinetics and unfolding kinetics of ribonuclease A have been measured at the same final conditions, as a function of temperature at pH 3.9, by stopped-flow (pH-jump) experiments; absorbance changes at 240 and 286.5 nm were measured. Refolding follows first-order kinetics in the upper two-thirds of the thermal transition zone. Under the same conditions, the unfolding kinetics a...

The heavy ion interaction of 11.67 MeV/u 197Au+ 197Au has been investigated using mica as a passive detector. By employing Solid State Nuclear Track Detection Technique the data of elastic scattering as well as inelastic reaction channel was collected. The off-line data analysis of multi-pronged events was performed by measuring the three-dimensional geometrical coordinates of correlated tracks...

Special voltage-clamp pulse protocols are given that make differential predictions for the kinetics of models based on a simple sequential, simple cyclic, and an aggregation scheme. Detailed kinetic time-courses for the discriminating pulse protocols are numerically derived from the differential equation system that describes the aggregation model.