Because of their high specific surface area, optimum rheological characteristics and/or excellent sorptive capacity, certain clay minerals such as kaolinite, talc, montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite, palygorskite and sepiolite are extensively used in the formulation of various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Whether as active ingredients or as ideal excipients, these minerals must compl...

Recent research in the field of concrete materials showed that it might be possible to develop a smart cement-based material is capable remediating cracks by Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). The early remediation microcracks enables design systems with an elongated service life sustainable approach. However, main challenge application extend viability cells against rest...