The P systems are a class of distributed parallel computing devices of a biochemical type. In this paper, a new definition of separation rules in P systems with active membranes is given. Under the new definition, the efficiency and universality of P systems with active membranes and separation rules instead of division are investigated.

Methods for the separation of photosensitizer isomers, such as benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid, benzoporphyrin ethyl monoacid, 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinylpyropheophorbide-a, diethyleneglycol diester benzoporphyrin derivative, tin ethyl etiopurpurin, and phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate, have been systematically developed by CE. Detection was accomplished by UV absorption at 214 nm or by LIF w...

This paper addresses the tracking capability of blind source separation algorithms for rapidly time-varying sensor or source positions. Based on a known algorithm for blind source separation, which also allows for simultaneous localization of multiple active sources in reverberant environments, the source separation performance will be investigated for abrupt microphone array rotations represen...

We describe a computational analysis method to evaluate the efficacy of immunomagnetic rare cell separation from non-Newtonian particulate blood flow. The core procedure proposed here is calculation of local viscosity distributions induced by red blood cell (RBC) sedimentation. Numerical calculation methods have previously been introduced to simulate particulate behavior of individual RBCs. How...

We present a novel hybrid membrane system that operates as a heat engine capable of utilizing low-grade thermal energy, which is not readily recoverable with existing technologies. The closed-loop system combines membrane distillation (MD), which generates concentrated and pure water streams by thermal separation, and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), which converts the energy of mixing to elect...

Microchip electrophoresis (MCE) has been recognized as an important separation technique on the research field of micro total analytical systems (μ-TAS) since the first publication on MCE was reported by Manz et al. in 1992 [1]. In MCE, there are several advantages, e.g., high speed analysis in seconds, small amount of sample, high separation efficiency, and high-throughput analysis by using mi...

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light is an attractive degree of freedom for fundamental studies in quantum mechanics. In addition, the discrete unbounded state-space of OAM has been used to enhance classical and quantum communications. Unambiguous measurement of OAM is a key part of all such experiments. However, state-of-the-art methods for separating single photons carrying a large number ...

In this paper, we investigate the physical mechanisms underlying one of the most efficient filtration devices: the kidney. Building on a minimal model of the Henle loop—the central part of the kidney filtration—we investigate theoretically the detailed out-of-equilibrium fluxes in this separation process in order to obtain absolute theoretical bounds for its efficiency in terms of separation ab...

In order to study the effect of dust outlet geometry on the performance of cyclone separators, the gas-solid flow characteristics in four cyclone separators with different dust outlet geometries (without dustbin, with dustbin, with dipleg and with dustbin plus dipleg) have been computationally simulated. The gas flow fields were simulated with Reynolds Stress Model(RSM).The effect of instantane...

A multielectrode setup for protein OFFGEL electrophoresis that significantly improves protein separation efficiency has been developed. Here, the electric field is applied by segments between seven electrodes connected in series to six independent power supplies. The aim of this strategy is to distribute evenly the electric field along the multiwell system, and as a consequence to enhance elect...