A problem which bedevils the study of emotions, and the study of consciousness, is that we assume a shared understanding of many everyday concepts, such as ‘emotion’, ‘feeling’, ‘pleasure’, ‘pain’, ‘desire’, ‘awareness’, etc. Unfortunately, these concepts are inherently very complex, ill-defined, and used with different meanings by different people. Moreover this goes unnoticed, so that people ...

This month’s installment of the “Peer Review” column addresses the decision to combine phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy, as a preamble to the August edition of Cataract & Refractive Surgery Today, which will include a discussion of the most current trends in the management of coexisting cataracts and glaucoma. As always, please keep in mind that the peer-reviewed literature frequently lag...

The horseshoe crab is often referred to as a "living fossil," representative of the oldest classes of arthropods, almost identical to species in existence more than 500 million years ago. Comparative analyses of the defense mechanisms used by the horseshoe crab that allowed it to survive mostly unchanged throughout the millennia reveal a common ancestry of the coagulation and innate immune syst...

Clinical observations suggest that testosterone generates unconscious broad-spectrum motivations to act. It has also been suggested that subliminal positive-priming techniques also unconsciously enhances motivation for action. This placebo-controlled study examined the separate and possible joint contributions of these assumed unconscious sources of human motivation. Healthy females were admini...

Aligned corpora are widely used in various speech applications like automatic speech recognition, speech synthesis, as well as prosodic and phonetic research. The segmentation into syllables can be done manually or automatically. But it consumes significantly more time for a fully manual phonetic segmentation and practically it is a complicated task because in many cases it requires a large ali...

Canada's provincial and territorial governments have expressed an interest in bulk purchasing prescription drugs for many years. We propose they start by purchasing selected generic drugs for the entire population and provide them for little or no cost to patients. This politically popular strategy would significantly reduce drug expenditures and improve population health.

The aim of this note is to give an algebraic characterization of those universally complete vector lattice in which all band preserving bilinear operators are symmetric. We start with recalling some definitions and auxiliary facts about bilinear operators on vector lattices. For the theory of vector lattices and positive operators we refer to the books [1] and [7]. Let E and F be vector lattice...