Most ecologic studies use geographical areas as units of observation. Because data from areas close to one another tend to be more alike than those from distant areas, estimation of effect size and confidence intervals should consider spatial autocorrelation of measurements. In this report we demonstrate a method for modeling spatial autocorrelation within a mixed model framework, using data on...

Cockpit karst landscapes are among the most distinctive landscapes in the world, and have been the focus of long-standing scientific interest. Early researchers used largely descriptive techniques to categorize the terrain, and subsequent work has not attempted to critically re-evaluate descriptions of landscapes using more sophisticated methods. The distinctive surface topography of cockpit ka...

In many publications the performance of different classification algorithms regarding to agricultural classes is evaluated. In contrast, this paper focuses on the potential of different imagery for the classification of the two most frequent classes: cropland and grassland. For our experiments three categories of imagery, high resolution aerial images, high resolution RapidEye satellite images ...

Some observations are more variable in space and relatively less variable in time or vice versa. Based on the major source of variability, regionalized variable theory is used to construct either spatial or temporal semivariograms. Examples include georeferenced soil data, with primarily spatial variability, and daily weather data, with primarily temporal variability, as input to dynamic simula...

A software tool specifically designed for the extraction of multi-criteria features from image objects is described, as well as an application example. The input data are typically multispectral imagery and a cartographic database to define the limits of the objects, though these limits can also be provided from a different source, such as an automatic image segmentation process. The output is ...

ABSTRACT The spatial distribution and temporal development of tomato crown and root rot, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, were studied in naturally infested fields in 1996 and 1997. Disease progression fit a logistic model better than a monomolecular one. Geostatistical analyses and semivariogram calculations revealed that the disease spreads from infected plants to a di...

The knowledge and an accurate representation of the spatial distribution groundwater depth area are very important to realize sustainable use resource, protection ecosystem for development adaptation policies in changing climate. present study has, thus, developed a map southern low-lands Sunsari District at horizontal grid resolution 3 km × km. depths were surveyed predefined 82 numbers geo-re...

The babassou plant (Attalea speciosa Mart. Ex. Spreng, Arecaceae) is an important palm tree in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. This main arboreal component extensive geographical areas including agricultural areas. However, limited research studies exist on its role as alternative pest host this region. study investigated occurrence Tibraca limbativentris Stal (1860) young trees, ef...

Soil hydraulic properties influence water and nutrient availability as well environmental sustainability, these vary across several landscape positions. This study investigated the spatial variability fractal characterization of soil five slope positions: summit, shoulder, back, foot, toe slopes. Triplicate samples (0–18 cm) were collected from each position a pasture field planted to tall fesc...

Aboveground biomass, volume, and basal area are among the most important structural attributes in forestry. Direct measurements cost-intensive time-consuming, especially for old-growth forests exhibiting a complex structure over rugged topography. We defined methodology to optimize plot size (total) sampling area, allowing with tolerable error be estimated. The was assessed by analyzing semivar...