Using students’ predicted and unpredicted delays in midterm preparation as measures of time-inconsistency and self-awareness, this paper shows that time-inconsistent behavior is associated with inferior class performance. Most students showed some time-inconsistency. Most were at least partially aware of their time-inconsistency. Despite full awareness, the sophisticates still under-performed i...

In important situations, individual decision-making is systematically biased. When deciding (rather than consuming), extrinsic attributes of choice options are more salient than intrinsic attributes. People overestimate extrinsic attributes and therefore put too much effort into acquiring income and gaining status, lowering their utility level. These mistakes are accentuated in authoritarian sy...

Studies that examine whether voters make informed decisions on direct legislation and whether direct legislation enhances civic engagement presume a basic awareness of ballot propositions, yet little is known about why some ballot propositions are more widely known than others. Despite the fact that research on awareness of ballot propositions and political awareness focus on individual factors...

Local design and optimization of the components of a fault-management system results in sub-optimal decisions. This means that the target system will likely not meet its objectives (under-performs) or cost too much if conditions, objectives, or constraints change. We can fix this by applying a nested, management system for the fault-management system itself. We believe that doing so will produc...

a Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands b Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, De Boelelaan 1077a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands c Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1077, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands d Pho...

The evolution of literary styles in the western tradition has been the subject of extended research that arguably has spanned centuries. In particular, previous work has conjectured the existence of a gradual yet persistent increase of the degree of self-awareness or introspection, i.e. that capacity to expound on one’s own thought processes and behaviors, reflected in the chronology of the cla...

Being alone is a state resulting in a variety of consequences, including loneliness and solitude. While solitude is thought to promote individuality, creativity, and self-awareness, loneliness is a painful state marked by a distinct lack of satisfying social relationships. This essay deals with the psychosocial issues of loneliness and solitude. I have made a concerted effort to steer away from...

An ‘optimal ' preparation of the students for the teaching-praxis with the new media necessarily demands corresponding ‘self-awareness ' in the own university education. The present empirical study tried to receive an actual picture of the present offers of Internetbased lectures as well as of the personal suppositions and attitudes of the students (and teachers) concerning the Internetand Comp...

In this paper, a theoretical account of the functional role of consciousness in the cognitive system of normal subjects is developed. The account is based upon an approach to consciousness that is drawn from the phenomenological tradition. On this approach, consciousness is essentially peripheral self-awareness, in a sense to be duly explained. It will be argued that the functional role of cons...