Four new species, Macrocarpaea dies-viridis (Ecuador), M. luctans (Ecuador, Peru), M. lucubrans (Panama), and M. opulenta (Ecuador), and two natural hybrids, M. × acuminata (Costa Rica) and M. × mattii (Ecuador), are described. Macrocarpaea × acuminata Weaver (pro sp.) is recognized as a natural hybrid between M. subcaudata and M. valerii, rather than as a distinct species, and M. × mattii is d...

We investigated the effects of plant density on reproductive success for two insect-pollinated plant species—the native North American wildflower Penstemon digitalis (Foxglove-leaved Penstemon), and the showy introduced weed Hesperis matronalis (Dame's Rocket). We found no indication that local density (within 3.0 m) affected reproductive success (seeds per fruit, proportion fruit set, total se...

Seed size and toughness affect seed predators, and size-dependent investment in mechanical defence could affect relationships between seed size and predation. We tested how seed toughness and mechanical defence traits (tissue density and protective tissue content) are related to seed size among tropical forest species. Absolute toughness increased with seed size. However, smaller seeds had high...

Seed masting and production of empty seeds have often been considered independently as different strategies to reduce seed predation by animals. Here, we integrate both phenomena within the whole assemblage of seed predators (both pre and post-dispersal) and in two contrasting microsites (open vs. sheltered) to improve our understanding of the factors controlling seed predation in a wind-disper...

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), the world’s oldest private cancer center, seeks nextgeneration cancer treatment advances to enhance its ability to treat patients effectively by improving care and reducing costs. Using operations research approaches, our team has devised sophisticated optimization modeling and computational techniques for real-time (intraoperative) treatment of p...

aimed at reducing the consumption of chemical fertilizers on crop production and according to important role of micro-nutrients such as iron, on increase performance of these products, nanocomposites effect of iron on yield and yield components of wax bean genotypes inoculated with rhizobium bacteria during experimental factorial randomized complete block design with three replications was cond...

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil is an important tree species for its cultural, economic, and medicinal uses in South America. In order to characterize A. colubrina populations, we collected fruits from four different sites (San Bernardo, El Cebilar, Metán and El Gallinato) within the species distribution area in Salta Province, Northwestern Argentina. For this, a total of 75 fruits and seeds...

We present an enhanced built-in self-test (BIST) architecture for high-performance circuits. Test patterns are generated by reseeding a twisted-ring counter. We show that a small number of seeds is adequate for generating test sequences that embed complete test sets for the ISCAS benchmark circuits. The seed patterns can either be stored on-chip or scanned in using a low-cost, slower tester. Th...

The gibberellin content of pea seeds developing in excised pea pods cultured on a medium containing the plant growth retardant AMO-1618 was reduced in comparison with pea seeds cultured on retardant-free medium. The reduction increased with increasing concentrations of AMO-1618. However, at the lowest concentration tested (5 milligrams per liter) the growth of the seeds was not affected whereas...