AC 0 circuits of size n log n augmented with log n MODm gates, for every odd integer m and any sufficiently small . As a consequence, for every odd integer m, we obtain a pseudorandom generator, based on the MOD2 function, for circuits of size S containing log S MODm gates. Our results are based on recent bounds of exponential sums that were previously introduced for proving lower bounds for MA...

Our objective in this paper is to develop a decision-making model to assist decision-makers and researchers in understanding the effect of multiple criteria decision-making on a capital budgeting investment. This decision-making model helps decision-makers with reducing decision-making time and choosing a suitable decision alternative for a capital budgeting investment within the companies’ goa...

Assessment is an integral part of a chief information security officer’s (CISO) daily work. Continuously, the CISO must make security policy decisions, either introducing new policies or technologies in the organisation, or modifying existing policies. Assessment in this environment must inherently go beyond assessment of the policy’s security properties alone. It must include considerations ab...

this paper presents a framework for long term transmission expansion planning in competitive, electricity markets. transmission lines and phase shifters are taken into account as expansion options. maximization of the network users' benefits, with satisfying security constraints are considered as the criterion for transmission expansion planning. the elements of the objective function are the...

Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading “FPSO” have become a popular choice since 1980s for marginal and fast-track developments where subsea pipeline is not an economic or feasible solution for export. Field development usually starts with a concept selection procedure which is constituted from a sequence of multi-disciplinary decision making tasks. As limited data is availabl...

One of the most challenging tasks of homeland security policymakers is to allocate their limited resources to reduce terrorism risks cost effectively. To accomplish this task, it is useful to develop a comprehensive set of homeland security objectives, metrics to measure each objective, a utility function, and value tradeoffs relevant for making homeland security investments. Together, these el...

The correct control of security often depends on decisions under uncertainty. Using quantified information about risk, one may hope to achieve more precise control by making better decisions. We discuss and examine how Prospect Theory, the major descriptive theory of risky decisions, predicts such decisions will go wrong and if such problems may be corrected. 1 Can security decisions go wrong? ...

Judgmental processes involved in risk perception and decision making have traditionally been conceptualized as cognitive in nature, being based upon a rational and deliberate evaluation of the situation at hand. Conversely, a sampling of research from diverse literatures suggests that intuitive decision-making may offer an alternative (or possibly complementary) behavioral strategy in some situ...

INTRODUCTION In the preceding years to the terrorist attacks in the United States of September 11th, 2001, the chemical industry focused its process safety activities on accidental release risks. Rarely, if ever, was consideration given to the risk of intentional release, or beyond that, the differences in the nature of such a release. This was most likely due to a perception that these risks w...