Microbial community structure and dynamics were examined in two anaerobic reactors run in repeated-batch mode to treat whey permeate. Despite being started up using different seeding sources, the reactors showed generally similar reaction patterns and performances. During the repeated-batch operation for three cycles, the overall reaction rate increased with the increase in the initial populati...

Reducing mixing in both flat panel and tubular photobioreactors can result in a positive net energy balance with state-of-the-art technology and Dutch weather conditions. In the tubular photobioreactor, the net energy balance becomes positive at velocities < 0.3 ms-1, at which point the biomass production cost is 3.2 €/kg dry weight. In flat panel reactors, this point is at an air supply rate <...

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industries in developing countries add new production lines producing altogether different waste stream. this newer waste invariably finds its way to existing anaerobic treatment system causing gradual/sudden change in feed substrates affecting its steady performances. this study investigates steady response of anaerobic reactors subjected to sudden change in feed substrate types, assesses its ...

in this paper, startup performance of upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors in anaerobic treatment of distillery spentwash has been studied under identical conditions of operation. various effluent characteristics like ph, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and total solids and other process parameters like biogas p...

A 73-year-old man with a history of liver transplantation developed cholestasis. No abnormality was seen on magnetic resonance imaging. Percutaneous cholangioscopy via a left-sided transhepatic tract (●" Fig.1) demonstrated carpet-like villous change with biopsies showing highgrade dysplasia in the right and left ducts. Intraductal ultrasound (IDUS) showed a T1 lesion, with bile duct wall thick...

in this paper, the present state of knowledge about axial mixing in gasliquid reactors is reviewed. a brief outline of the methods for measuring residence time distribution(rtd)of various phases in a multiphase reactor is presented. this is followed by a short description of differential and stage-wise models for characterizing back mixing from rtd measurments. backmixing characteristics of som...

A general expression for the transmission loss characteristics of the Herschel-Quincke tube is developed. This relationship eliminates the restrictions on duct cross-sectional rea employed in earlier analytical studies. The attenuation of sound by this configuration is also studied computationally in terms of a nonlinear one-dimensional finite-difference model that solves the balance equations ...

This study was aimed at introducing a novel bioflocculant to enhance anaerobic granulation in a UASB reactor for lowstrength synthetic wastewater and comparing the effect with synthetic polymers. A laboratory-scale study was undertaken to achieve this goal. Four identical UASB reactors were operated in parallel in the treatment of low-strength synthetic wastewater over 136d at 35 ± 1 °C. One un...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency and associated factors in the post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Endoscopy Suite of Surgical Unit IV, Civil Hospital, Karachi, from December 2009 to November 2010. METHODOLOGY Patients undergoing ERCP were included. Patients who had presented...