BACKGROUND It is the responsibility of health systems to provide quality health care and to protect consumers against impoverishing health costs. In the case of infertility in developing countries, quality care is often lacking and treatment costs are usually covered by patients. Additional financial hardship may be caused by various social consequences. The economic implications of infertility...

The role of antibody mediated infertility in patients with primary/secondary unexplained infertility is the subject of current interest worldwide. A prospective study was conducted to study the role of anti sperm antibodies in Pakistani patients with infertility. Patients reporting in the outpatient clinic of a local gynaecology department with problem of infertility were subjected to a detaile...

Introduction At a time when limiting family size has become of national interest, increasing numbers of married couples are moving in a different direction-to overcome infertility and conceive children. Reasonably reliable statistics indicate that approximately 3 .5 million couples, or nearly 15% of those of childrearing age, are subfertile. If one adds the cases of secondary infertility, in wh...

INTRODUCTION Unwanted contraception through prolonged retention of fetal bone is a rare cause of secondary infertility. It is usually associated with a history of abortion, either spontaneous or induced. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a case of intrauterine retention of fetal bone diagnosed 8 years after the termination of a pregnancy. The patient had no complaints of pain, irregular vaginal b...

The work-up for secondary infertility—the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse for a couple who have previously had a child1—should include a history and physical exam for both patients, plus evaluation of ovulation, semen analysis, and imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes (strength of recommendation [sor]: B, based on cohort studies). Check the male partne...

The development of effective treatment has a marvellously encouraging effect on the incidence of a disease. When, as has happened with the occasional spectacular overkill of gonadotrophin treatment of infertility, the media takes an intense interest in the treatment, the number of patients seeking it rises still more steeply. There are, however, more worthy reasons for the rising pressure. The ...

BACKGROUND Tubal occlusion is the commonest cause of female infertility in the developing societies. Hysterosalpingography remains a vital method of assessing tubal patency especially in resource limited settings such as ours. OBJECTIVE To review the pattern of hysterosalpingographic findings among women being investigated for infertility in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, ...