mother's and infant exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the most important public health problems. there is no study in iran evaluating the impact of cigarette smoke on infant growth and development. the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cigarette. this prospective cohort study was conducted on 51 cigarette smoke-exposed infants (exposed group) and 51 non-exposed infants (...

The aim of this study was to assess whether higher plasma formaldehyde concentration existed in women diagnosed with miscarriage and whether it contributed to higher risk of miscarriage in Chinese women.A case-control study was conducted in 118 women with a diagnosed miscarriage at the first trimester and 191 healthy women who delivered at term. Plasma levels of formaldehyde were measured by ga...

Abstract Background With the increase of number smokers, tobacco exposure among pregnant women is becoming more and common. Pregnant exposed to first-hand smoke second-hand are susceptible physiological psychological health issues has been proved in previous studies. Nevertheless, there no enough studies focus on impact third-hand during pregnancy. This study aimed assess compare health-related...

Tobacco is the single greatest preventable cause of death in the world today, killing approximately half of the people who use it. Several strategies have been proved to reduce tobacco use. However, more than 50 years after the health effects of smoking were scientifically proven, and more than 20 years after evidence confirmed the hazards from exposure to second-hand smoke, few countries have ...

AIM To measure exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) in New Zealand bars before and after comprehensive smoke-free legislation enacted on 10 December 2004. METHODS Cotinine is the main specific metabolite of nicotine and a well-established biomarker for SHS exposure. We measured cotinine levels in saliva of non-smoking volunteers before and after a 3 h visit to 30 randomly selected bars in 3 ci...