Variations of Australian-average mean temperature and diurnal temperature range over the twentieth century are investigated. The observed interannual variability of both is simulated reasonably well by a number of climate models, but they do not simulate the observed relationship between the two. Comparison of the observed warming and reduction in diurnal temperature range with climate model si...

Catalonia has been one of the most commercialized and industrialized regions of Spain during the twentieth century. Home of the first industrial revolution during the nineteenth century, it started to adopt technologies and organizational structures of the Second Technological Revolution by the end of that period and the first third of the twentieth century. During the period 1890-1935 Catalan ...

Animal breeding was, until the beginning of the twentieth century, a relatively uncontrolled activity based mainly on the animal’s physical appearance. The early animal breeders did not really have the knowledge and tools to predict and control what they were doing. This changed in the first half of the twentieth century, when Mendelian genetics was applied in farm animal breeding. Later, the s...

Cancer treatment generally comes in four modalities.' Traditionally, surgery of tumours was the most important, while radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy were introduced as new forms of treatment in the course of the twentieth century. Although chemotherapy and immunotherapy did not become standard until after the Second World War, X-rays and radium were used as alternatives to the sur...