Gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) in teleost fishes is involved in ion regulation in both freshwater and seawater. We have developed and validated rabbit polyclonal antibodies specific to the NKA alpha1a and alpha1b protein isoforms of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus), and used western blots and immunohistochemistry to characterize their size, abundance and localization. The relative molecular...

Resolution of the nitrogen (N) cycle in the marine environment requires an accurate assessment of dinitrogen (N(2)) fixation. We present here an update on progress in conducting field measurements of acetylene reduction (AR) and (15)N(2) tracer assimilation in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). The AR assay was conducted on discrete seawater samples using a headspace analys...

Sponges are efficient filter feeders, removing significant portions of particulate and dissolved organic matter (POM, DOM) from the water column. While the assimilation and respiration of POM and DOM by sponges and their abundant microbial symbiont communities have received much attention, there is virtually no information on the impact of sponge holobiont metabolism on the composition of DOM a...

In microinjected Myxicola giant axons with elevated [Na]i, Na efflux was sensitive to Cao under some conditions. In Li seawater, sensitivity to Cao was high whereas in Na seawater, sensitivity to Cao was observed only upon elevation of [Ca]o above the normal value. In choline seawater, the sensitivity of Na efflux to Cao was less than that observed in Li seawater whereas Mg seawater failed to s...

Seawater has occupied an ambiguous place in anthropological categories of "nature" and "culture." Seawater as nature appears as potentiality of form and uncontainable flux; it moves faster than culture - with culture frequently figured through land-based metaphors - even as culture seeks to channel water's (nature's) flow. Seawater as culture manifests as a medium of pleasure, sustenance, trave...

Larvae of the nudibranch mollusc Phestilla sibogae metamorphose in response to a small organic compound released into seawater by their adult prey, the scleractinian coral Porites compressa. The transformations that occur during metamorphosis, including loss of the ciliated velum (swimming organ), evacuation of the shell, and bodily elongation, are thought to be controlled by a combination of n...

The experiments were conducted to investigate the NO removal by wet scrubbing using NaClO2 seawater solution in a cyclic scrubbing mode. Results show that, when the concentration of NaClO2 in scrubbing solution is higher than 10 mM, a complete removal of NO can be achieved during the cyclic scrubbing process. The breakthrough time for seawater with 15 mM NaClO2 is enhanced by 34.3 % compared wi...

Alcaligenes faecalis AE122 that used poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) as a sole source of carbon was newly isolated from a coastal seawater sample. The strain required seawater for growth on PHB as well as in a nutrient broth, in which seawater could be replaced by an appropriate concentration of NaCl. PHB depolymerase was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of A. faecalis AE122 b...

Reconstructing variations in the major element chemistry of seawater provides constraints on how the global carbon and sulfur cycles have changed over geological time, but archives for this information are rare. This work generates a new independent record of ancient seawater composition, in particular the relative abundance of Ca and SO4, through Ca isotope measurements in marine evaporites. E...

Silver is taken up as a Na(+) analog (Ag(+)) by freshwater organisms, but little is known about its bioavailability in relation to salinity. Adult Opsanus beta were acclimated to 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% seawater (Cl(-)=545 mM) and exposed for 24 h to 2.18 microg L(-1) silver as (110m)Ag-labelled AgNO(3), a concentration close to the U.S. EPA marine criterion and less than 0.1% of t...