The main goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of expressing recombinant protein of C-C chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) in Solanum lycopersicum via agroinfiltration. CCL21 is a chemokine can be used for anti-metastatic of cancer cell lines. To examine the expression of CCL21 protein in S. lycopersicum, the construct of ccl21 was synthesized. This construct was cloned into pBI121 and...

TMPyP4 is widely considered as a potential photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy and a G-quadruplex stabilizer for telomerase-based cancer therapeutics. However, its biological effects including a possible adverse-effect are poorly understood. In this study, whole genome RNA-seq analysis was used to explore the alteration in gene expression induced by TMPyP4. Unexpectedly, we find that 27.67%...

The concept of category from mathematics happens to be useful to computer programmers in many ways. Unfortunately, all"good"explanations of categories so far have been designed by mathematicians, or at least theoreticians with a strong background in mathematics, and this makes categories especially inscrutable to external audiences. More specifically, the common explanatory route to approach ca...

Cat scratch lesion of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare entity. It was first reported in the colon, in 2007 [1]. A few case reports of cat scratch colon were published in the English literature following the initial description of this entity [2–4]. Recently, a case was described of linear esophageal tears in a man, similar to the colonic cat scratch lesion [5]. We report the second case of ...

Most scientists do research to push the boundaries of knowledge. Press coverage is a happy (or unhappy) by-product of the process. But not so for scientists at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. When they set out to synthesize a polio virus from scratch, the point of the exercise was to garner public attention. Like George Leigh Mallory and Mt. Everest, they wanted to do it becaus...

During early ontogeny, stimuli that pose a threat to an animal change. Unrelated adult male rats may kill young rats, but infanticide ends around weaning. Predation, on the other hand, may increase during early ontogeny when rats begin to extend their activity range. We investigated the developmental course of two defensive responses, immobility and analgesia, in young rats exposed to an adult ...

The Scratch environment exemplifies a tool+community approach to teaching elementary programming skills, as it includes a website where users can publish, discuss, and organize animations that are programs. To explore this environment’s effectiveness for helping people to develop programming skills, we performed a quantitative analysis of 250 randomly-selected users’ data, including over 1000 o...

Cutaneous stimulation within the rostral scratch receptive field in a low spinal-immobilized turtle elicits a fictive rostral scratch reflex characterized by robust rhythmic motor output from ipsilateral hindlimb muscle nerves and weaker, alternating motor discharge in contralateral nerves. Simultaneous bilateral stimulation elicits bilateral rostral scratch motor patterns in which activity on ...

We previously identified a strong overexpression of GPRC5A (G Protein-Coupled Receptor Class C Group 5 Member A) in keratinocytes from the skin wound edges vivo, and response to stiffness modulations vitro, concomitantly translocation its C-terminal region into nucleolus. To better understand role this receptor keratinocyte mechano-sensing, knock-down was performed N/TERT-1 cells using short-ha...