Wind-borne pollinating wasps (Agaonidae) can transport fig (Ficus sp., Moraceae) pollen over enormous distances (> 100 km). Because of their extensive breeding areas, Neotropical figs are expected to exhibit weak patterns of genetic structure at local and regional scales. We evaluated genetic structure at the regional to continental scale (Panama, Costa Rica, and Peru) for the free-standing fig...

Given a finite collection S of geometric objects such as hyperplanes or spheres in R , the arrangement A(S) is the decomposition of R into connected open cells of dimensions 0, 1, . . . , d induced by S. Besides being interesting in their own right, arrangements of hyperplanes have served as a unifying structure for many problems in discrete and computational geometry. With the recent advances ...

We are after a Wikipedia for formal scientific knowledge; a crowdsourcing system where formal science claims are expressed as interpreted logical statements (a.k.a. claims). The crowd takes positions on claims and objectively argues these positions through Semantic Games (SGs). SGs are zero-sum, two-person games where players take two contradictory positions on claims and exchange examples and ...

A covering of the integers is a system of congruences x aj (mod mj), where aj and mj denote integers with mj > 0 for each j, such that every integer satis es at least one of the congruences. An open problem (which surfaced over 40 years ago) is to determine whether a covering of the integers exists for which the indices j range over a nite set and the mj are distinct odd integers > 1. The probl...

Let t be an integer taking on values between 1 and x (x real), let irhc(t) denote the number of positive primes < t which are s c (mod b), and let li t denote the usual integral logarithm of /. Further, let the ratio of quadratic nonresidues of b > 2 to quadratic residues of bbey(b) to 1, and let l/ * * , Ah(x) = (i/y(b))-\ £ n.c(0-r(») L "i,X>)\ M<c<*-1 l«c'<Ä-l ' where c runs over quadratic n...