The age-metallicity relation for F and G dwarf stars in the solar neighborhood, based on the stellar metallicity data of Edvardsson et al. (1993), shows an apparent scatter that is larger than expected considering the uncertainties in metallicities and ages. A number of theoretical models have been put forward to explain the large scatter. However, we present evidence, based on Edvardsson et al...

In this paper scatter search algorithm has been hybridized with simulated annealing algorithm. Scatter search algorithm has some disadvantages which will be solved by using concepts of simulated annealing algorithm. Simulated annealing algorithm will provide scatter search algorithm with more of exploration for problem search space, this will increase ratio of getting optimal solutions. The hyb...

Monte Carlo simulation is the gold standard method for modelling scattering processes in medical x-ray imaging. General-purpose Monte Carlo codes, however, typically use the independent atom approximation (IAA). This is known to be inaccurate for Rayleigh scattering, for many materials, in the forward direction. This work addresses whether the IAA is sufficient for the typical modelling tasks i...

Information on any given topic is often scattered across the Web. Previously this scatter has been characterized through the inequality of distribution of facts (i.e. pieces of information) across webpages. Such an approach conceals how specific facts (e.g. rare facts) occur in specific types of pages (e.g. fact-rich pages). To reveal such regularities, we construct bipartite networks, consisti...

Despite the development of extensive websites with high-quality information, and the use of powerful search engines, many users find it difficult to find comprehensive information. One reason for this difficulty is that information, even for narrowly well-defined topics, is highly scattered across websites with no page or site containing all the relevant information. This high scatter can be ex...

The study of normal or malignant haematopoiesis requires the analysis of heterogeneous cell populations using multiple morphological and molecular criteria. Flow cytometry has the capacity to acquire multi-parameter information of large haematopoietic cell populations, utilizing various combinations of >200 molecular markers (clusters of differentiation, CD). However, current flow cytometry ana...

Background: Over the last years, more and more biological data became available. Besides the pure amount of new data, also its dimensionality—the number of di erent attributes per data point—increased. Recently, especially the amount of data on chromatin and its modifications increased considerably. In the field of epigenetics, appropriate visualization tools designed for highlighting the di er...

The receptive-field positions and orientation preferences of neurons occupying the same tangential location in visual cortex are thought to be similar but to have an associated random scatter. However, previous estimates of this scatter may have been inflated by the use of subjective plotting methods, sequential recording of single units, and residual eye movements. Here we report measurements ...

Scattered radiation plays a significant role in mammographic imaging, with scatter fractions over 50% for larger, denser breasts. For screen-film systems, scatter primarily affects the image contrast, reducing the conspicuity of subtle lesions. While digital systems can overcome contrast degradation, they remain susceptible to scatter’s impact on the image resolution and noise. To better unders...

X-ray scatter is a major cause of nonlinearity in densitometry measurements using digital mammography. Previous scatter correction techniques have primarily used a single scatter point spread function to estimate x-ray scatter. In this study, a new algorithm to correct x-ray scatter based on image convolution was implemented using a spatially variant scatter point spread function which is energ...