Information on sea level and its changes are important in connection to global climate change processes. For centuries, sea level has been observed with coastal tide gauges and since some decades with satellite altimetry. Furthermore, during recent years the application of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reflectometry, also known as GNSS-R, for sea level observations has been develope...

Glaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets are losing large amounts of water to the world's oceans. However, estimates of their contribution to sea level rise disagree. We provide a consensus estimate by standardizing existing, and creating new, mass-budget estimates from satellite gravimetry and altimetry and from local glaciological records. In many regions, local measureme...

Generation of the grid was co-ordinated by Michael Carron (presently at NATO SACLANT Undersea Research Centre) with major input provided by the gridding efforts of Bill Rankin and Lois Varnado at the US Naval Oceanographic Office, Andrew Goodwillie and Peter Hunter at Southampton Oceanography Centre. Significant regional contributions were also provided by Martin Jakobsson (University of New Ha...

The radar altimeters flown on Geos-3 (1975), Seasat-l (1978), and Geosat-l (1985) have amply demonstrated the benefits of high-precision measurements of ocean-surface topography, both to geodesy and to oceanography. Two new altimetry missions are planned: the joint NASA/Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales TOPEx/Poseidon mission, to be launched in 1992, and the Navy's Special Purpose Inexpensive ...

SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES Modeling objectives are: (1) to produce a new generation of basin-scale ocean circulation models based on the spectral nite element technique; (2) to compare the performance of the resulting nite element model with that of more traditional ocean circulation models; (3) to couple the resulting basin-scale model to sub-basin-scale models for (e.g.) the coastal boun...