In this paper, we present some physical models that can describe the ascent of volcanic ash into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption. We consider both sustained volcanic eruption columns and discrete volcanic thermal clouds. To test the modeling approach, we compare our predictions of the ascent rate of a model cloud with some observations of the ascent of the ash cloud during the April 1...

Volcanic activity is observed worldwide with a variety of ground and space-based remote sensing instruments, each with advantages and drawbacks. No single system can give a comprehensive description of eruptive activity, and so, a multi-sensor approach is required. This work integrates infrared and microwave volcanic ash retrievals obtained from the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG...

Delineating boundaries of volcanic edifices from surrounding topography is often difficult, timeconsuming and subjective. For large volcanic fields, with hundreds of volcanoes, developing methods to efficiently and consistently identify and isolate volcanoes from surrounding topography is of utmost importance. Advances in technology for collecting and processing digital elevation datasets have ...

Major systems of northwesterly, northerly, and northeasterly trending recurrilig fractures or faults controlled emplacement of various units of the Iron Mask batholith. The batholith was emplaced in a high level volcanic to subvolcanic environment, comagmatic with Nicola volcanic rocks and coeval with part of the upper Nicola succession. The batholith intruded volcanic and sedimentary rocks of ...

The Lut Block (Eastern Iran) extends over 900 km in a north-south direction and is only 200 km wide in an east-west direction. It is confined by the Nayband fault and Shotori Range on the west. The eastern edge is bordered by the Sistan suture zone and Nehbandan Fault. The northern termination of Lut Block is the depression of Kavir-e-Namak and the Great Kavir Fault. The Makran arc, including ...

The Oligocene-Miocene granitic rocks of Deh Siahan, part of central Iranian volcanic belt, are intruded into Eocene volcano-sedimentary complex where their contact is marked by albite-epidote hornblende hornfels facies and granitic apophyses. The granitic rocks show enhanced LIL element abundances and low HFS/LIL ratios. Geochemical data, various trace element discriminant diagrams, enhanced Y/...

Volcán San Pedro in the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) Consequently, the role of young, unradiogenic hydrous gabbro in Chile, comprises Holocene basaltic to dacitic lavas with trace generating dacite and contaminating basalt may be underappreciated element and strontium isotope ratios more variable than those of in the SVZ. most Pleistocene lavas of the underlying Tatara–San Pedro complex....

Part 1 of this paper is concerned with various types of deformation of volcanic cones as listed in Table 1. In regard to the crustal displacements before and after eruptions, the local upheaval and fracturing near crater remain as a permanent deformed topography, but the areal upheaval and subsidence before and after eruption are believed to be a reiterative movement caused by increase and decr...