This paper examines the relationship of CEO pay and company performance for 280 firms listed on the New York Stock Exchange for a period from 2006 through 2009. The time frame of the study is a period after the adoption of the Sarbanes Oxley Act and after the SEC approval of the corporate governance rules affecting executive pay for New York Stock Exchange companies. I find there to be a positi...

Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) Act addresses the effectiveness of internal controls, which in most organizations are either fully or partially automated due to the pervasiveness and ubiquity of information technologies. Significant or material control deficiencies have to be reported publicly. The adverse impact on organizations declaring deficiencies can be severe, for example, damage...

Regulators and practitioners are concerned about whether SOX Sections 302 and 404 IT-related implementation costs affect the market value of firms in the IT industry. Prior studies indicate that network advantages are the key feature of information-based industries and that E-commerce firms are a major segment of that industry. SOX Section 404 was expected to have significant impact on firms wi...

The pharmaceutical industry has been receiving greater scrutiny lately due in large part to the many public and private legal enforcement actions taken against pharmaceutical manufacturers. These enforcement actions, along with legal developments such as the OIG Compliance Guidance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act's statutory guidelines for public corporations, the HIPAA...

We analyze the potential benefits that firms can realize from implementing technology specifically aimed at monitoring the effectiveness of their internal control systems. The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission asserts that effective internal control monitoring should enhance the efficiency of internal control processes, and in turn, the assurance over such process...

We document that firms’ management of accounting earnings increased steadily from 1987 until the passage of the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX), with a significant increase during the period prior to SOX, followed by a significant decline after passage of SOX. However, the increase in earnings management preceding SOX was primarily in poorly performing industries. We also show that the informativeness...

New generations of governance models referring to either IT or Internal Control – like COBIT [1] and COSO [2] are extended with business perspective willing to gain top management’s ear. But the practice shows, this opening solely is not enough to reach a breakthrough, because models became more complicated than it could be applied without some difficulties. Very frequently exposed, that the be...

Previous literature documents that foreign firms cross-listed in the U.S. Stock Exchanges experience an improvement in the information environment. This paper disputes the idea that cross-listing per se increases the quality of the firm information environment by considering whether this enhancement depends on the effective adoption of stricter rules. As research setting, we use Section 302 of ...

Since the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was enacted in U.S., there has been a general tendency to globally harmonize regulations and practices of board governance. The purpose of this study is to compare among countries how well the board of directors constrains earnings management. Using a sample of firms from 23 countries, we document some evidence that higher outside directorship on the board is associ...