two field and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of superabsorbent polymer (sap) and irrigation management on seed and essential oil yields of cumin, as well as the impact of water quality on water holding capacity of sap. salinity had a negative effect on the amount of water absorbed by sap (335 and 59 g h2o per g sap, for distilled water and solution of 0.5% nacl...

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC: 2.5.1.18) are a ubiquitous family of eukaryotic and prokaryotic phase II metabolic isozymes. Genes encoding GSTM1 (OMIM: 138350), and GSTT1 (OMIM: 600436) are members of class mu and theta, respectively. The most common polymorphism in the GSTM1 is a deletion of the whole GSTM1 gene with a lack of enzyme activity. A homozygous deletion in the GSTT1 has also...

Hydraulic capacitance and water storage form a critical buffer against cavitation and loss of conductivity within the xylem system. Withdrawal from water storage in leaves, branches, stems, and roots significantly impacts sap flow, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. Storage quantities differ based on soil water availability, tree size, wood anatomy and density, drought tolerance, and hydr...

Water stress is regarded as a global challenge to forests. Unlike other water-limited areas, the water use strategies of rocky mountainous forests, which play an important ecohydrological role, have not received sufficient attention. To prove our hypothesis that species adopt different water use strategies to avoid competition of limited water resources, we used site abiotic monitoring, sap flo...

It is a well-described phenomenon that plant leaves respond to changes in light intensity and duration by adjusting leaf hydraulic efficiency, and there is current consensus that up- or down-regulation of water channels (aquaporins) in the plasma membrane of the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells play a central role in the underlying mechanisms. Recently, experimental evidence has been provided ...

Peak heat flow occurs at mid-ocean ridges and decreases with the age of the oceanic lithosphere. Several plate models, including the Parsons and Sclater (PSM) model, Global Depth and Heat (GDH1) model and Constant Heat flow Applied on the Bottom Lithospheric Isotherm (CHABLIS) model, have been used to predict heat flow in the ocean lithosphere. The discrepancy between the predicted and measured...

In this work we show how to get a very significant number of SZ detections in the future Planck data without doing any of the typical assumptions needed in present component separation methods. That is, we do not need to assume anything about the power spectrum nor the frequency dependence of any one of the components, circular symmetry or a typical scale of the clusters. Our method predict a n...

We discuss evolution of the magnetic flux density and angular velocity in a molecular cloud core, on the basis of three-dimensional numerical simulations, in which a rotating magnetized cloud fragments and collapses to form a very dense optically thick core of > 5 × 10 cm. As the density increases towards the formation of the optically thick core, the magnetic flux density and angular velocity ...