The oligomeric state of human SAP (serum amyloid P component) in the absence and presence of known ligands has been investigated using nanoelectrospray ionization MS. At pH 8.0, in the absence of Ca2+, SAP has been shown to consist of pentameric and decameric forms. In the presence of physiological levels of Ca2+, SAP was observed to exist primarily as a pentamer, reflecting its in vivo state. ...

Background In systemic amyloidosis, disease is caused by extracellular accumulation of amyloid fibrils which, unlike other interstitial debris, are not cleared and which disrupt tissue structure and function. Direct removal of amyloid deposits is required to preserve and possibly restore tissue and organ function. We are targeting serum amyloid P component (SAP) for this purpose. SAP normal pla...

A unified nomenclature for use in heat pulse measurement of sap flow is proposed. This unified nomenclature overcomes fundamental misunderstandings of the physics of heat and sap movement in wood. The nomenclature is also appropriate to other methodologies for sap flow measurement, such as heat balance methods.

The concept of Semigroup Action Problem (SAP) was introduced by C. Monico in 2002. He defined Diffie-Hellman key exchange and ElGamal cryptosystem taking SAP as an underlying problem. The aim of this paper is to define the application of SAP in designing a zero knowledge undeniable signature scheme. We also discuss the security analysis of the proposed scheme.