Reaction systems are a formal model that has been introduced to investigate the interactive behaviors of biochemical reactions. Based on the formal framework of reaction systems, we propose new computing models called reaction automata that feature (string) language acceptors with multiset manipulation as a computing mechanism, and show that reaction automata are computationally Turing universa...

Both the automated generation of reaction networks and the automated prediction of synthetic trees require, in one way or another, the definition of possible transformations a molecule can undergo. One way of doing this is by using reaction templates. In view of the expanding amount of known reactions, it has become more and more difficult to envision all possible transformations that could occ...

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In this paper we are concerned with the reliability, i.e., probability of success, of reactive system components (behaviors) in autonomous systems such as mobile robots. A method is presented for designing reliable behaviors by a suitable integration of a set of less reliable ones, which can be based on diierent and complementary algorithms , sensors etc. The presented approach is based on the ...

Mobile genetic elements may be molecular parasites that reduce the fitness of individuals that bear them by causing predominantly deleterious mutations, but increase in frequency when rare because transposition increases their rates of transmission to the progeny of crosses between infected and uninfected individuals. If this is true, then the initial spread of a mobile element requires sex. We...

Armature Reaction: The effect of magnetic field set up by armature current on the distribution of flux under main poles of a generator. The armature magnetic field has two effects: (i) It demagnetises or weakens the main flux and (ii) It cross-magnetises or distorts it. Fig 1 shows the flux distribution of a bipolar generator when there is no current in the armature conductors. The brushes are ...

Generally speaking the greater the number of Mycobacteria lepra: there in the system, the greater is the tendency to leprous reaction. Reaction is rarely seen in the early case of nerve leprosy, but the passage from the A1 stage to the B1 stage may be marked by leprous reaction. During the B stages of skin leprosy, reaction is much more commonly seen, but as the A2 stage is approached, reaction...