BACKGROUND Indocyanine green angiography has gained popularity in breast reconstruction for its ability to assess mastectomy skin and tissue flap viability. The authors aim to analyze trends and outcomes associated with indocyanine green angiography use in breast reconstruction. METHODS Using 2012 to 2014 data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample, Agency ...

Abstract The current study sought to examine the validity of a General English Achievement Test (GEAT), administered university students in fall semester 2018–2019 academic year, by hybridizing differential information (DIF) and distractor function (DDF) analytical models. Using purposive sampling method, from target population undergraduate studying different disciplines at Islamic Azad Univer...

Our aim is to confirm the nature of the long period radial velocity measurements for β Gem first found by Hatzes & Cochran (1993). We present precise stellar radial velocity measurements for the K giant star β Gem spanning over 25 years. An examination of the Ca II K emission, spectral line shapes from high resolution data (R = 210,000), and Hipparcos photometry was also made to discern the tru...

The National Institute of Health’s (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993 mandated the inclusion of women and ethnic minorities in NIH clinical research studies. By 1994, NIH had developed a set of guidelines that stated that women and members of minority groups and their subpopulations were to be included in all NIH-supported biomedical and behavioral research projects that involve human participant...

rangelands renewable resources play a very important role in ecosystem regulating, preserving plant genetic reservoirs, water cycle as well as providing large parts of forage requirements. these resources were considered to be a basis for sustainable development and also a basic platform for various economic activities. during the recent years in iran, these valuable sources were subjected to s...

BACKGROUND Healthcare costs, particularly pharmaceutical costs, are a dominant issue for most healthcare organizations, but it is unclear if randomized controlled trials (RCTs) routinely discuss costs. Our objective was to assess the frequency and factors associated with the inclusion of costs in RCTs. METHODS AND FINDINGS We randomly sampled 188 RCTs spanning three years (2003-2005) from six...

The purpose of in-vitro chromosome aberration assay (ABS) is to determine whether the test compound is a clastogen which induces structural changes in chromosomes. The ABS belongs to the standard three test battery for genotoxicity testing for pharmaceuticals recommended by the fourth International Conference on Harmonisation (1997, Brussel). A full account of biological details of this assay c...

Abstract Background Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is one of the diseases related to diabetes. Considering varying prevalence OSA in patients with type 2 diabetes different parts world, order aggregate results and come a general review about topic mentioned, current study performed systematic meta-analysis Methods In this study, international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web science, Cochran libra...