BACKGROUND Researchers commonly employ strategies to increase participation in health studies. These include use of incentives and intensive reminders. There is, however, little evidence regarding the quantitative effect that such strategies have on study results. We present an analysis of data from a case-control study of Campylobacter enteritis in England to assess the usefulness of a two-rem...

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the behavior of minimum ϕ -divergence estimators as an alternative to the maximum-likelihood estimator in latent class models for binary items. As it will become clear below, minimum ϕ -divergence estimators are a natural extension of the maximum-likelihood estimator. The asymptotic properties of minimum ϕ -divergence estimators for laten...

In clinical study, calculation for sample size is often done using the frequentist framework. However, several methods of calculation using the Bayesian framework have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a method for the determination of sample sizes using the index θ = P ( π1 > π2|X1, X2 ) , where X1 and X2 denote the binomial random variables for trials n1 and n2 and parameters π1 and π2...

This review basically provided a conceptual framework for sample size calculation in epidemiologic studies with various designs and outcomes. The formula requirement of sample size was drawn based on statistical principles for both descriptive and comparative studies. The required sample size was estimated and presented graphically with different effect sizes and power of statistical test at 95...

This procedure computes power and sample size for superiority by a margin tests in two-sample designs in which the outcome is a continuous normal random variable. Measurements are made on individuals that have been randomly assigned to one of two groups. This is sometimes referred to as a parallel-groups design. This design is used in situations such as the comparison of the income level of two...

The trustworthiness of meta-analysis, a set of techniques used to quantitatively combine results from different studies, has recently been questioned. Problems with meta-analysis stem from bias in selecting studies to include in a meta-analysis and from combining study results when it is inappropriate to do so. Simple graphical techniques address these problems but are infrequently applied. Fun...

where p above is the density function if X is continuous and the mass function if X is discrete. The MLE is denoted θ̂ or θ̂n if we wish to emphasize the sample size. Above, we suppress the dependency of L on X1, . . . , X (n) to emphasize that we are treating the likelihood as a function of θ. Note that both X and θ may be scalars or vectors (not necessarily of the same dimension) and that L may...

We consider the problem of comparing noisy functions, here trial-averaged neuronal firing-rate curves, across multiple experimental conditions. Of interest are comparisons both within neurons and also among populations of individually recorded neurons. We propose likelihood ratio tests to perform comparisons either pointwise or globally over the entire experimental time. A simulation study of p...

• We have evaluated the performance of these diagnoses in three scenario created in R 3.1.0:  Scenario 1: Insufficient burn-in + large sample size for outcome evaluation (20,000)  Scenario 2: Insufficient burn-in + high auto-correlation in the Markov Chain (0.8)  Scenario 3: Insufficient burn-in + correlated outcomes Laliman V1, Roïz J2 1Ensai student, Bruz, France; 2Creativ-Ceutical, London...