Paleoceanographic proxies indicate that the ocean state during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) differed from the modern ocean state. Depth profiles of ocean sediment pore fluid dO and [Cl] have been used to reconstruct the dO and salinity at the LGM. Here, it is investigated whether pore fluid profiles can constrain ocean dO and salinity at other times and, simultaneously, their ability to const...

As an important area of reserve land resources, the Yellow River Delta is faced with the problem of soil salinization. Grasping the characteristics of soil salinity as well as its spatial variation patterns is an important foundation of prevention, control and utilization of saline soil. This study selected Kenli County of the Yellow River Delta, obtained soil salinity data through field survey...

As integral parts of plant signaling networks, phytohormones are involved in the regulation of plant metabolism and growth under adverse environmental conditions, including salinity. Globally, salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stressors with an estimated 800 million hectares of arable land affected. Roots are the first plant organ to sense salinity in the soil, and are the initial site...

Perna genus was introduced to Venezuela, but nowadays, Perna perna and Perna viridis coexist and are commercially exploited from their natural beds. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of salinity on the physiological conditions of these species by studying RNA/DNA and Protein/DNA ratios. The organisms were collected from natural beds at La Esmeralda, Sucre State, Venezuela, and ac...

Spectra, salinity, total suspended solids (TSS, in mg/L) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM, ag(400) at 400 nm) sampled in stations in 44 different locations on December 18, 19 and 21, in 2006 were measured and analyzed. The studied field covered a large variety of optically different waters, the absorption coefficient of CDOM ([ag(400)] in m(-1)) varied between 0.488 and 1.41 m(-1), an...

Seedlings establishment at early growth stages of crop plants is severely affected by soil salinity. Therefore, high germination rate and vigorous early growth under salty soils is preferred. In this study germination and seedling growth of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was assessed using three replicates of 50 seeds in a factorial laid out in two separate experiments as Completely Ra...

The presence of salt in the soil profile negatively affects the growth and development of vegetation. As a result, the spectral reflectance of vegetation canopies varies for different salinity levels. This research was conducted to (1) investigate the capability of satellite-based hyperspectral vegetation indices (VIs) for estimating soil salinity in agricultural fields, (2) evaluate the perfor...

To investigate the effects of sodium chloride on two safflower cultivars (LRV 51/11 and LRV 51/51(padideh), four levels of salinity: 0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m, were employed as a factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replication in a controlled environment of the greenhouse during 2008-2009. The desired salinity levels were developed by mixing the required amou...

Coastal economies and ecosystems have historically depended on oyster reefs, but this habitat has declined globally by 85% because of anthropogenic activities. In a Florida estuary, we investigated the cause of newly reported losses of oysters. We found that the oyster reefs have deteriorated from north to south and that this deterioration was positively correlated with the abundance of carnivo...