Salinisation is a global threat to freshwater habitats and predicted worsen with climate change. Increases in salinity can result substantial modification of biotic communities through both direct toxic effects indirect such as altering prey resources, competitive interactions, predator abundances, facilitating the spread invasive species. Traditional techniques determine salinity, point sampli...

Thus, environmental monitoring is a crucial factor in the ecosystems health. Actually, methods for measuring salinity are mainly based on the mobility of ions in water (Zhao et al., 2003) changing the refractive index. However, these methods are inherently electrical and can be affected by any kind of electromagnetic interference. An alternative is the use of sensors based on optical technology...

Polymer flooding is one of the most important enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies for high temperature and high salinity reservoir. In this paper, an optimal control model of distributed parameter systems (DPS) for polymer injection strategies is established, which involves the performance index as maximum of the profit, the governing equations as the fluid flow equations of polymer floodi...

The protection of concrete structures against corrosion in marine environments has always been a challenge due to the presence of a saline solution-A natural corrosive agent to the concrete paste and steel reinforcements. The concentration of salt is a key parameter influencing the rate of corrosion. In this paper, we propose an optical fiber-based salinity sensor based on bundled multimode pla...

a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (crd) was performed with three replications to investigate the interaction between salinity and nh+4 / no-3 ratio on olive saplings. four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100,150 mm) and different ratios of nh+4/ no-3 (0:14, 2:12, 4:10, 6:8) were applied on one-year old olive saplings grown in perlite: sand media (1:1). results indicated th...

to evaluate germination and seedling growth of safflower an experiment carried out as factorial with two factor; temperature (5, 15, and 25 °c) and salinity of sodium chloride (0, 5, 10, and 15 ds/m) based on randomized complete block design with four replications, in dept. of horticulture of urmia university. results of different concentration sodium chloride on germination and seedling growth...