INTRODUCTION Obesity has been shown to increase the risks of some types of injury in crashes. One way in which obesity may increase injury risk is by changing the routing of the belt relative to the underlying skeletal structures. METHODS Belt fit was measured in a laboratory study of 54 men and women, 48 percent of whom were obese, defined by body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m(2) or greater. T...

Because data are collected for only fatal crashes, it is difŽ cult to accurately measure seat belt and air bag effectiveness. The use of safety devices in uences survival rates which in turn determine whether a crash is included in the sample, leading to sample selection bias. We propose a simple solution to the selection problem: limiting the sample to crashes in which someone in a different ...

The HORMA domain is a multifunctional protein-protein interaction module found in diverse eukaryotic signaling pathways including the spindle assembly checkpoint, numerous DNA recombination/repair pathways, and the initiation of autophagy. In all of these pathways, HORMA domain proteins occupy key signaling junctures and function through the controlled assembly and disassembly of signaling comp...

On what basis do people provide acceptability or ‘goodness’ judgements for deontic conditional rules of the form if p then must q and if p then may q? Using a decision theoretic analysis, Over et al. (2004) propose that such conditionals are judged as acceptable to the extent that the p&q possibility is preferred to the p&not-q possibility. Their empirical evidence upholds this ‘conditional exp...

Previous studies have demonstrated that booster seats reduce the risk of seat belt syndrome, in particular the occurrence of abdominal organ injuries, by improving the fit of the seat belt on young children and encouraging better posture and compatibility with the vehicle seat itself. However, other researchers have shown that abdominal injuries are still prevalent even with the use of booster ...

OBJECTIVE Scientifically based injury prevention efforts have not been widely implemented in Latin America. This study was undertaken to evaluate the baseline knowledge and practices of childhood safety on the part of parents in Monterrey, Mexico and in so doing provide information on which to base subsequent injury prevention efforts. METHODS Interviews were carried out with parents from thr...

This paper provides an overview of a statewide survey of child restraint device (CRD) use and misuse in Michigan. The study found that about 75 percent of children under the age of four were in a CRD and that CRD use generally followed the safety belt use patterns of the drivers. The study also found that when a CRD was used, nearly 90 percent of the time an error was made in either how the CRD...

Helmet use protects against head injury. Our objective was to assess whether parental knowledge of helmet safety is associated with helmet use in children, and whether a relationship exists between helmet ownership and other safety behaviors. Three hundred forty-one surveys were distributed to parents of third through fifth graders; 97% of parents believed that a helmet confers protection; 49% ...

Visual input provides vital information for helping us modify our walking pattern. For example, artificial optic flow can drive changes in step length during locomotion and may also be useful for augmenting locomotor training for individuals with gait asymmetries. Here we asked whether optic flow could modify the acquisition of a symmetric walking pattern during split-belt treadmill adaptation....

Many Rust-Belt cities have seen almost half their populations move from inside the city borders to the surrounding suburbs and elsewhere since the 1970s. As populations shifted, neighborhoods changed—in their average income, educational profi le, and housing prices. But the shift did not happen in every neighborhood at the same rate. Recent research has uncovered some of the patterns characteri...