BACKGROUND Patients with obstructive sleep apnea are at risk for perioperative morbidity. The authors used a screening prediction model for obstructive sleep apnea to generate a sleep apnea clinical score (SACS) that identified patients at high or low risk for obstructive sleep apnea. This was combined with postanesthesia care unit (PACU) monitoring with the aim of identifying patients at high ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. We initiated a protocol designed to screen patients preoperatively and monitor them postoperatively. The goal was to identify patients who were at risk for oxygen desaturation after discharge from the postanesthesia recovery room (PACU). METHODS Patients without previously ...

PURPOSE The pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) after noncardiac surgery is not established yet. Thrombosis over a vulnerable plaque or decreased oxygen supply secondary to anemia or hypotension may be involved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathophysiology of ACS complicating noncardiac surgery. METHODS Clinical and angiographic data were prospectively record...

BACKGROUND Small intestinal adenocarcinomas (SACs) are rare malignancies of the alimentary tract with uncertain carcinogenesis. METHODS We investigated the expression of deleted in pancreatic cancer 4 (DPC4) in 188 cases of surgically resected SACs, using tissue microarray technology. RESULTS Twenty-four of the 188 tumors showed complete loss of Smad4/DPC4 expression in cytoplasm (score, 0;...

Anatomy and Physiology The avian respiratory tract is substantially different and much more efficient compared to mammals. The upper respiratory tract in birds is characterized by an extensive infraorbital sinus, a choana, and a larynx that is lacking an epiglottis. In addition, the larynx is not used for voice production in birds; instead, this occurs in the syrinx. The trachea in birds is com...

In this paper, we present the Safe Control Systems (SaCS) pattern language for the development of conceptual safety designs and conduct an analytical evaluation of the appropriateness of the language for its intended task. By a conceptual safety design we mean an early stage specification of system requirements, system design, and safety case for a safety critical system. The SaCS pattern langu...

appropriate controls the concentration of each amino acid could be established. The absence of glycylproline ( < 0 . 5 m ~ ) from the samples were established by t.1.c. From each of two to six animals a minimum of four sacs were prepared from the ileum. Examination of sacs after incubation by lightmicroscopy failed to show any disruption caused by the experimental procedure. Fig. ] ( a ) shows ...

The retina processes visual images to compute features such as the direction of image motion. Starburst amacrine cells (SACs), axonless feed-forward interneurons, are essential components of the retinal direction-selective circuitry. Recent work has highlighted that SAC-mediated dendro-dendritic inhibition controls the action potential output of direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) by vet...

As a carbon-free energy carrier, hydrogen has become the pivot for future clean energy, while efficient production and combustion still require precious metal-based catalysts. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with high atomic utilization open up desirable perspective scale applications of metals, but general facile preparation various SACs remains challenging. Herein, movable printing method been d...

Semiconductor-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) fuel cells offer a feasible solution for sustainable and environmentally friendly energy production by converting solar chemical into electrical energy. However, the low PEC activities of have hindered their practical application due to rapid electron-hole recombination slow interfacial reaction kinetics. To address this issue, unique cell composed...