Grasslands are coming under ever-increasing pressure worldwide. Many grasslands degraded due to overgrazing and inappropriate land management. This is impacting belowground biology soil bio...

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of trichomoniasis among women aged 18 to 48 yr in Ardabil, northwestern Iran and the relationship between demographic factors and the risk of infection. METHODS Vaginal discharge samples of 914 women aged 18 to 48 yr, referred to Gynecology Clinic of Sabalan Hospital of Ardabil, Iran in 2014, were collected and Trichomonas vagin...

Proper grazing management reduces ET from grasslands by reducing transpiration losses and grazingManagement of forage production for livestock grazing on semiarid induced surface energy relationships that reduce evapograsslands depends on water availability. Evapotranspiration (ET) ration (Svejcar and Christiansen, 1987; Wraith et al., was measured using the Bowen ratio energy balance method on...

This study investigated spatial patterns and environmental controls of aboveground biomass (AGB) in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau by integrating AGB data collected from 135 sites during 2001– 2004 and concurrent enhanced vegetation index derived from MODIS data sets. The AGB was estimated at 68.8 gm 2, with a larger value (90.8 gm 2) in alpine meadow than in alpine steppe (50.1 gm 2)...

In this chapter we first provide a historic overview of – and outline some of the peculiarities associated with – grassland eddy covariance flux measurements, elaborate on the additional terms that need to be quantified when estimating the grassland net ecosystem carbon balance and finally discuss some of the challenges associated with upcoming nitrous oxide and methane flux measurements in man...

This study analyses the impact of climate change on inflows, sediment loads, and nutrient inputs to Sabalan dam reservoir, a warm monomictic lake located northwest Iran. For this purpose, Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated (2005–2018) validated (2001–2004). Future climate-based data under AR5 emission scenarios were obtained from HadGEM2–ES general circulation model then downscale...