Light or moderate intensity infection with Schistosoma mansoni may contribute to growth deficits. We report on the effects of treatment for S. mansoni on growth and development in Brazilian schoolchildren. Anthropometric measurements were taken from 539 S. mansoni-infected children and their age- and sex-matched egg-negative controls between the ages of 7 and 15 years. The children as a whole e...

A path from s to t on a polyhedral terrain is descending if the height of a point p never increases while we move p along the path from s to t. No efficient algorithm is known to find a shortest descending path (SDP) from s to t in a polyhedral terrain. We give two approximation algorithms (more precisely, FPTASs) that solve the SDP problem on general terrains. Both algorithms are simple, robus...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate quality of life (QoL) in adolescents born SGA without spontaneous catch-up growth, treated with and without long-term growth hormone (GH) therapy. Additionally, to assess whether GH treatment has a positive effect on QoL, besides improving adult height and height SDS during childhood. METHODS Two groups of adolescents born SGA without spontaneous catch-up growth pa...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Controversy is ongoing regarding the importance of pollinator-mediated selection as a source of observed patterns of floral diversity. Although increasing evidence exists of pollinator-mediated selection acting on female reproductive success, there is still limited understanding of pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits via male reproductive success. Here we quantif...

To investigate the characteristics of flow over two finite-length cylinders in tandem arrangement, numerical simulations were performed using CFD technique for spacing ratios (S = D/d, where d is diameter and D separation gap between cylinders) 0.5 12 at a Reynolds number 200. The height-to-diameter ratio (h/d, h height was fixed 8. This study primarily focuses on effects S free ends vortical s...

Definition 1. An (archimedean) absolute value on a field k is a real valued function ‖ · ‖ : k → [0,∞) with the following three properties: (1) ‖x‖ = 0 if and only if x = 0. (2) ‖xy‖ = ‖x‖ · ‖y‖. (3) ‖x+ y‖ ≤ ‖x‖+ ‖y‖. A nonarchimedean absolute value satisfies the extra condition that (3’) ‖x+ y‖ ≤ max{‖x‖, ‖y‖}. If k is a field, we denote Mk the set of absolute values on k. As an abuse of nota...