Malignant hypertension and hypertensive encephalopathy are life-threating manifestations of hypertension. These syndromes primarily occur in patients with a history of poorly controlled hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate national trends in hospital admissions for malignant hypertension, hypertensive encephalopathy, and essential hypertension. This was a retrospective coh...

INTRODUCTION Hypertensive encephalopathy with the clinicoradiological entity posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in the setting of venlafaxine as single therapy has not been reported earlier. CASE DESCRIPTION A 46-year-old man developed hypertensive encephalopathy associated with venlafaxine as single therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, pre and post gadolinium, carried ...

OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder of childhood. To determine the genetic diagnostic yield in epileptic encephalopathy, we performed a retrospective cohort study in a single epilepsy genetics clinic. METHODS We included all patients with intractable epilepsy, global developmental delay, and cognitive dysfunction seen between January 2012 and June 2014 in the Epilepsy Genetics ...

BACKGROUND Ganciclovir, a drug against cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, is generally well tolerated, but can cause neurotoxicity such as encephalopathy. Although ganciclovir-induced encephalopathy has been described in several reports, a literature search revealed that ganciclovir concentrations in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid were previously measured in only 3 patients with encephalopathy....

INTRODUCTION Newborn encephalopathy is an important clinical problem associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and is pertinent in the assignment of blame in obstetrics litigation. CLINICAL PICTURE We report 3 babies with severe neonatal encephalopathy. OUTCOME In all 3 cases, intrapartum hypoxic insult was unlikely to be a significant contributing factor towards the development ...

Animal studies suggest that hypothermia decreases seizure burden, whereas limited human data are inconclusive. This retrospective cohort study examines the relationship between therapeutic hypothermia and seizure in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Our center admitted 224 neonates from July 2004 to December 2011 who met institutional cooling criteria. Seventy-three neonates were b...

Lethal toxic encephalopathy due to shigellosis or Ekiri syndrome is a rare complication of shigellosis with a high fatality rate. Data are very limited on factors that can predict this encephalopathy, so we evaluated clinical and laboratory characteristics for these patients. In this study children with extreme toxicity and convulsions followed by rapid neurological deterioration resulting in b...

Early recognition and diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy is pivotal for the prognosis of this medical emergency, especially in patients with liver failure which predisposes individuals to develop hepatic encephalopathy. For these patients, distinguishing between hepatic encephalopathy and Wernicke encephalopathy is a challenge in real-world clinical practice.A male patient with 21-year medica...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of non-absorbable disaccharides (lactulose and lactitol) in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group controlled trials register, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Embase until March 2003; reference lists of relevant articles; authors and pharmaceutical companies. REVIEW METHODS Randomised trials that compared non-absorbabl...

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor overactivity in two different experimental rat models of encephalopathy: subacute encephalopathy caused by severe hyperammonemia in portacaval-shunted rats (AI-PCS rats) and acute hepatic encephalopathy caused by complete liver ischemia (LIS rats). The effect of the noncompetitive NMDA-receptor an...