We study the pattern dependences in 10 Gbit/s return-to-zero (RZ) transmitters and receivers. We describe a procedure to characterize and separate out the individual contributions from the transmitter and receiver to the pattern dependences in a 10 Gbit/s RZ system, and we validate the procedure experimentally using a transmitted pseudo-random bit string of length 2 1. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All ri...

As a special case of continuous phase frequency-shift-keying (FSK), minimum-shift keying (MSK) exhibits some different properties compared with the traditional optical phase modulation formats, such as return-to-zero (RZ) differential-phase-shift-keying (DPSK) and differential-quadrature-phase-shift-keying (DQPSK). In this paper, we investigated the receiver performance degradation caused by la...

The origin of the stem is a major but poorly understood aspect of plant development, partly because the stem initiates in a relatively inaccessible region of the shoot apical meristem called the rib zone (RZ). We developed quantitative 3D image analysis and clonal analysis tools, which revealed that the Arabidopsis homeodomain protein REPLUMLESS (RPL) establishes distinct patterns of oriented c...

In present work, prediction the effect of nose radius, rz (mm) on the equivalent strain (PEEQ) and surface finish during the machining of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) through orthogonal cutting process. The results were performed at several of the nose radiuses, rz (mm) while the cutting speed, vc (m/min), feed rate, f (mm/tooth) and depth of cut, d (mm) were remained constant. The equivalent pla...

In the wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) system, the modulation format was important. While three different modulation formats including not-return-to-zero (NRZ), return-to-zero (RZ), carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CS-RZ) and the optical differential quadrature reference phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulation format of each code are introduced in the article....

Grafting tomatoes with vigorous rootstocks can be used to increase yield in high tunnels without significant soilborne disease pressure. However, evidence suggests that grafting high-yielding could compromise the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites. ‘Tasti Lee’ is a hybrid tomato bred have superior fresh-eating quality higher lycopene content. The objective this experiment was inv...

The use of micropropagated trees has been widely extended, since micropropagation is a convenient technique of vegetative propagation that shows a number of interesting advantages, mainly for woody fruit trees. However, only few studies can be found in the literature on the field performance of micropropagated trees. In this work, the performance of different micropropagated fruit-tree rootstoc...

Nutrient contents in the organs and soil of young mature Camellia oleifera C. Abel were determined to study demand supply nutrients for trees soil, respectively. The forests selected south suburb Changsha, China. Results showed that nutrient different tree forest florescence period order leaf > flower root trunk branch, branch stem. In forests, highest macroelements was N lowest P. For micro...

Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), having a rich composition of biologically active connections and antioxidants, is gaining increasing popularity among agricultural producers. Increasing the production sour fruits requires introduction modern technology, one elements which low-growing rootstocks. For many cultures, use rootstocks has been widely studied, but there very little information on thei...