The Syrian civil war which broke out in March 2011 further destabilized the Middle East general and Levant particular. From among many implications of this conflict such as deaths more than 400,000 civilians refugee crisis, it caused heavy involvement regional (such Islamic Republic Iran, GCC states, Jordan, Turkey) trans-regional (the United States, Russia, European countries) actors. Iran has...

experience of double revolutionary upheavals in russia during the 20th century which produced a new socio-economic regularity on one hand and changed the political system from monarchial to democratic republic and then soviet state and finally presidential republic at the end of 20th century on the other hand are treated as democratic movements. in this regard, crumbling of ex-soviet regime and...

The paper focuses on the consideration of prospects for a direct military invasion by Turkey and Iran against national movement Kurds Syria represented Syrian Democratic Forces (Syria), Komala, Kurdistan Free Life Party Iranian (Iran). position role Russia in resolving conflict between without use armed force is also considered. It concluded that striving to maintain balance relations, one hand...

behind the Pechora river, it seemed like a dream, totally divorced from reality. I was one of the first in the hospital to whom this historic message was delivered. I was called to the KGB office in the hospital, where the officer in charge proclaimed my freedom in a ceremonial way. He suggested that I remain in Russia as a free doctor; I would be offered a good position owing to my experience ...

in the war between ottomans and safavids dynasty, two thirds of kurdistan area was separated from iran, and joined the ottoman territories. the ottoman empire was defeated in world war i and kurdistan was divided among turkey, iraq, syria, and a small part joined the soviet russia, i.e. armenia, azerbaijan, and georgia. concerning the kurdish governments which were established in iran being led...