The paper analyzes the decision-making of rural Chinese households on whether to stay exclusively on farm, take local off-farm jobs or migrate. Based on a survey of rural Chinese households, we examined the determinants of job location choice of rural China. We extend the dynamic discrete choice model of Wooldridge (2002a,b) to the three-alternative setting and apply it to a five-year panel. We...

A farm operator household time-allocation model and data from the Farm Costs and Returns Survey and from other sources were used to derive off-farm wage equations for U.S. farm operators based on production region, size of farm, and farm type. These equations, in turn, were used to impute opportunity costs for farm operators' unpaid labor. Using this new method, instead of the ad hoc method of ...

The goal of this paper is to examine how has the expansion of the economy after 2000 affected rural off-farm labor market participation. Specifically, we seek to determine whether off-farm labor increased after 2000, what forms of employment are driving trends in off-farm labor, and whether gender differences can be observed in off-farm employment trends. Using a nationally representative datas...

Accompanied by the continuous transformation of the industrial structure, massive rural labor in China has begun their migration to nonagricultural industries. This huge transfer of rural labor has shown a positive pushing influence on the transformation of China’s industrial structure, creating a timely opportunity to the development of agriculture and the structural transformation of the rura...

Gender gaps in labor force participation developing countries persist despite income growth or structural change. We assess this persistence across economic geographies within countries, focusing on youth employment off-farm wage jobs. combine household survey data from 12 with geospatial population density. The gender gap increases connectivity rural to peri-urban areas and disappears high-den...

Rural development initiatives across the developing world are designed to improve community well-being and livelihoods. However they may also have unforeseen consequences, in some cases placing further demands on stretched public services. In this paper we use data from a longitudinal study of five Ethiopian villages to investigate the impact of a recent rural development initiative, installing...

China's current official official household survey has failed to effectively cover the rural-to-urban migrants, which overstates the income of urban residents and understates the income of rural residents, and then overstates the urban-rural income gap in China. Our survey shows that the urban household survey basically neither cover the migrant households (missing households), nor the migrant ...

Following the radical change of the extension sector in eastern Africa that was triggered by the disproving of the traditional ‘Transfer of Technology’ paradigm in the 1990s, a number of competing and largely decentralized extension approaches have been developed. Basing upon the hypothesis that innovative arrangements and practices emerge from social interaction rather than from the traditiona...

Recent patterns of rural land use in Georgia have forest land market. Simultaneous equations will stressed urban aggrandizement and the emphasize the structural interdependence of these transformation of a significant portion of the two markets. Cross-sectional data from 47 Georgia available rural land into forests. The area covered by counties will be used to estimate the structural commercial...

Arable land in western Kenya is under considerable pressure from increasing human population. Rural households depend on farming for at least part of their livelihood, and poverty rates are among the highest in Kenya. Land is often depleted of nutrients, and for most farmers, access to inputs and markets is poor. There is a need to identify options that are manageable within the context of the ...