The XI International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology (ISRP2009) was held in Clermont-Ferrand, France, from 6 to 9 September 2009. The previous meetings were held in Nottingham, UK (1960), Ames, USA (1965), Cambridge, UK (1969), Sydney, Australia (1974), Clermont-Ferrand, France (1979), Banff, Canada (1984), Sendai, Japan (1989), Willingen, Germany (1994), Pretoria, South Africa (1999) and Cope...