It has been known for decades that microbial fermentation within the rumen is critical to postnatal rumen epithelial growth and maturation in ruminants, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we determined the effect of rumen fluid, which should contain all products from rumen fermentation, on growth of rumen epithelial cells in vitro. Addition of 10% rumen fluid from c...

Lice are small, wingless, minor ectoparasites of mammals and birds. More than 540  blood-sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) have been described with each host having its own type of louse, suggesting the cospeciation of the lice species with their host. Among these, two lice species from two different genera infest humans: Pediculus humanus and Phthirus pubis (pubic “crab” l...

Cattle consuming bahiagrass pastures in Florida are often deficient in crude protein. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of two protein supplements (Urea and Optigen) as compared to cows receiving no protein supplementation (Control) while consuming bahiagrass hay. Optigen II® (Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) is a slow-release nitrogen source. The delayed availability of nit...

1. [3H]leucine infused directly into the rumen of sheep labelled microbial protein and, when compared with the specific activity of the rumen free-leucine pool, indicated that 50% of the bacterial protein leucine originated from the rumen free-leucine pool. 2. The lower limit for bacterial protein turnover in the rumen was 0.37/d when calculated as the difference between the specific rate of di...

OBJECTIVE This experiment was conducted to explore the impact of diet on the ruminal microbial community in goats. METHODS Twelve goats were divided into two groups and fed complete feed (CF) or all forage (AF) diet. The total microbial DNAs in the rumen liquid were extracted. The V4 region of microbial 16S rRNA genes was amplified and sequenced using high-throughput. Information of sequences...

Thirteen plant extracts, selected for their high ̄avonoid content, were screened on their action on fermentation and protozoa numbers in 1 l dual out ̄ow fermenters supplied with a 50:50 orchard grass hay‡ barley diet. Using a 214ÿ10 fractional factorial design, we tested each extract at the rate of 0.5 g per day. The corresponding organic matter in ̄ow was equal to 3.4% of the basal hexoses ferm...

During recent years, there has been exponential growth in biological information. With the emergence of large datasets in biology, life scientists are encountering bottlenecks in handling the biological data. This study presents an integrated geographic information system (GIS)-ontology application for handling microbial genome data. The application uses a linear referencing technique as one of...

The short-term actions of Lavandula officinalis and Equisetum arvense dry extracts, and of isoquercitrin, flavonoid present in Equisetum arvense, on in vitro fermentation by rumen microbes were studied in batch culture. The orchard grass hay:barley ratios in the three experimental diets were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50 on a DM basis. The production rates of all volatile fatty acids except isobutyrate w...