Four rumen fistulated swamp buffaloes were randomly assigned according to a 4×4 Latin square design to investigate the effects of Eucalyptus (E. Camaldulensis) leaf meal (ELM) supplementation as a rumen enhancer on feed intake and rumen fermentation characteristics. The dietary treatments were as follows: T1 = 0 g ELM/hd/d; T2 = 40 g ELM/hd/d; T3 = 80 g ELM/hd/d; T4 = 120 g ELM/hd/d, respective...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows is high with large impact on economy and welfare. Its current field diagnosis is based on point ruminal pH measurements by oral probe or rumenocentesis. These techniques are invasive and inaccurate, and better markers for the diagnosis of SARA are needed. The goal of this study was to evaluate clinical signs of SARA and...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two feed supplements on rumen bacterial communities of heifers fed a high grain diet. Six Holstein-Friesian heifers received one of the following dietary treatments according to a Latin square design: no supplement (control, C), 60 g/day of fumarate-malate (organic acid, O) and 100 g/day of polyphenol-essential oil (P). Rumen fl...

Rumen-fistulated lactating cows were individually fed on hay or silage and intakes were monitored during 3 h treatment periods and for 2 h after. Each experiment used five, six or seven animals and the treatments were applied in a Latin Square design. Sodium acetate infusions of 1.8-11.0 mol in 4.5 litres water caused a dose-related depression in hay intake, the extent being 82 g dry matter (DM...

Whole-plant barley was reconstituted and treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at the rate of 0, 2, 3 or 4% of dry matter. Rumen-fistulated sheep were used to investigate the effects of treatment on nutrient digestibility and concentration of rumen fluid and plasma metabolites. Treatments increased digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and non-star...

Cheviot wethers were defaunated by using dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and were constantly infused with urea to provide 2.87% of the daily N intake. Defaunation resulted in higher rumen dry matter and lower rumen pH. The molar per cent propionate was higher in defaunated sheep, whereas the molar per cent butyrate and acetate was lower. Apparent nitrogen digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and ...

Effect of UMMB supplementation on rumen profile in buffalo calves was undertaken with the objectives to study the effect of UMMB on rumen microbiology and rumen metabolites. Eight apparently healthy male buffalo calves of 10 to12 months age and weighing between 100 to 150 kg were used as experimental animals. They were divided in to control and treatment groups consisting of 4 animals in each g...

1. Steers with rumen and simple duodenal cannulas were allowed to graze pasture or were given diets of dried grass or flaked maize with or without hay. For an experiment a solution or suspension of magnesium chloride, polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 4000) and either 144Ce (as cerous chloride) or chromic oxide was added to the rumen with a morning feed. Conditions in the rumen were sometim...

The toxicities of phenanthrene (PH) and pyrene (PY) are less than benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) , but both compounds are found in higher concentrations in the air, feed, and food. Most PAHs are metabolized to hydroxylated compounds by the hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxigenases system. Metabolites are excreted into urine and feces. We determined concentrations of PH, PY and BaP in muscle and hydroxylat...

Xylanase is a crucial hydrolytic enzyme that degrades plant polysaccharides in the rumen. To date, there is no information on the genetic composition and expression characteristics of ruminal xylanase during feeding cycles of ruminants. Here, the major xylanase of the glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH 10) from the rumen of small-tail Han sheep was investigated during a feeding cycle. We identif...