Biographische und monographische Darstellungen zu Konrad Zuse konzentrierten sich in der Vergangenheit sehr stark auf den Nachweis der Priorität der Zuse-Maschinen vor den amerikanischen und englischen Computer-Entwicklungen. Der einführende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Problemstellungen, Ergebnisse und offenen Fragen der bisherigen Forschung über den wichtigsten deutschen Computerpion...

Die Informationstechnologie hat heute einen Reifegrad erlangt, der stark umkämpfte Massenmärkte von interaktiven Produkten hervorgebracht hat. In diesen sind – wie auch in den herkömmlichen Konsumgütermärkten – nicht nur die pragmatische Produktqualität, sondern auch das Benutzungserlebnis und die Gesamtwirkung auf den Käufer entscheidend für den Markterfolg. Eine erfolgreiche Gestaltung dieser...

We introduce a square lattice into the Penna bit-string model for biological ageing and study the evolution of the spatial distribution of the population considering different strategies of childcare. Two of the strategies are related to the movements of a whole family on the lattice: in one case the mother cannot move if she has any child younger than a given age, and in the other case if she ...

1 Basic Probability Probability theory begins with three basic components. The set of all possible outcomes, denoted Ω. The collection of all sets of outcomes (events), denoted A. And a probability measure P. Specification of the triple (Ω,A,P) defines the probability space which models a real-world measurement or experimental process. Example 1 Ω = {all outcomes of the roll of a die} = {1, 2, ...

I argue that, according to ordinary morality, there is moral inertia, that is, moral pressure to fail to intervene in certain circumstances. Moral inertia is manifested in scenarios with a particular causal structure: deflection scenarios, where a threatening or benefiting process is diverted from a group of people to another. I explain why the deflection structure is essential for moral inerti...

Statistics can broadly be defined as the science of decision-making in the face of (random) uncertainty. Gambling has the same definition, except in the narrower domain of a gambler making decisions that affect his fortune in games of chance. It is hardly surprising, then, that the two subjects are closely related. Indeed, if the definitions of “game”, “decision”, and “fortune” in the context o...

Kurzfassung. Für die Diagnose krankhafter Veränderungen der Netzhaut ist die Bestimmung des Durchmessers der retinalen Blutgefäße sehr wichtig. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der automatischen Bestimmung des Gefäßdurchmessers im Subpixelbereich. Dieses Verfahren stützt sich dabei auf ein zweidimensionales Gefäßmodell. Der Vergleich mit existierenden Algorithmen zeigt, dass die neue Methode zu ...

In mechanical engineering and architecture, structural elements with low material consumption and high loadbearing capabilities are essential for light-weight and even self-supporting constructions. This paper deals with so called point-folding elements – non-planar, pyramidal panels, usually formed from thin metal sheets, which exploit the increased structural capabilities emerging from folds ...

A general relation for the total angular momentum of a regular solution of the Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs equations is derived. Two different physical configurations, rotating dyons and rotating magnetic dipoles are discussed as particular cases. The issue of rotating pure Einstein-Yang-Mills regular solutions is addressed as well. Based on the results, we conjecture the absence of rotating regu...

As a consequence of Birkhoff’s theorem, the exterior gravitational field of a spherically symmetric star or black hole is always given by the Schwarzschild metric. In contrast, the exterior gravitational field of a rotating (axisymmetric) star differs, in general, from the Kerr metric, which describes a stationary, rotating black hole. In this paper I discuss the possibility of a quasi–stationa...