AIM The aim of this study was to measure the increase in root canal surface area and canal transportation after biomechanical preparation at 1, 3, and 5 mm short of the apex with three different rotary systems in both continuous rotary and reciprocating rotary motions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty freshly extracted human mandibular molars with mesial root canal curvatures between 20° and 30° w...

The quantity of microorganisms that may be transferred to a food that comes into contact with a contaminated surface depends on the density of microorganisms on the surface and on the attachment strengths of the microorganisms on the materials. We made repeated contacts between pieces of meat and various surfaces (stainless steel and conveyor belt materials [polyvinyl chloride and polyurethane]...

in order to comparison of weeds mechanical control for sugar beet, a rotary cultivator was designed and constructed in first year, and compared with other mechanical control in second year. five treatments, included: rotary hoe cultivator, furrower cultivator, rotary cultivator, no weeding and manual weeding were compared. experiment design was random complete blocks design (rcbd) with three re...

A polygon A in a configuration C is called rotary if C admits an automorphism which acts upon A as a one-step rotation. We study rotary polygons and their orbits under the group of automorphisms (and antimorphisms) of C. We determine the number of such orbits for several symmetry types of rotary polygons in the case when C is flag-transitive. As an example, we provide tables of flag-transitive ...