Ectomycorrhizal fungi play a key role in mobilizing nutrients embedded in recalcitrant organic matter complexes, thereby increasing nutrient accessibility to the host plant. Recent studies have shown that during the assimilation of nutrients, the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus decomposes organic matter using an oxidative mechanism involving Fenton chemistry (Fe(2+) + H2O2 + H(+) → Fe...

Antrodia cinnamomea is reinstated as the correct name for a basidiomycete consistently associated with Cinnamomum kanehirai. Antrodia salmonea nov. sp., causing a brown heart rot of Cunninghamia konishii in Taiwan, is described and illustrated. Antrodia cinnamomea and A. salmonea are morphologically similar but can be separated by pore surface color of basidiomata and host preferences. Moreover...

The Gloeophyllales is a recently described order of Agaricomycotina containing a morphologically diverse array of polypores (Gloeophyllum), agarics (Neolentinus, Heliocybe) and resupinate fungi (Veluti-Veluticeps, Boreostereum, Chaetodermella), most of which have been demonstrated to produce a brown-rot mode of wood decay and are found preferentially on coniferous substrates. Multiple phylogene...

Tuber rot disease is a major constraint to white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) production, accounting for 50-60% of annual yield losses in Nigeria. The main method of control using synthetic fungicides is being discouraged due to human and environmental health hazards. The potential of Oryza sativa husk (OSH) and Quercus phillyraeoides (QP) extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of six virul...

Laccases are oxidase enzymes produced by 'white rot' fungi as part of a complex armoury of redox enzymes used to break down lignin--part of the carbon cycle of nature. Laccases alone or in combination with redox co-catalysts have been shown to oxidize xenobiotic compounds under conditions that can be described as 'green'. This paper describes some novel oxidations using the laccase-mediator met...

Various farm wastes were investigated as substrates for Pleurotus tuber-regium. The highest mushroom harvest (fresh weight) was obtained from oil palm fruit fiber substrate and the lowest yield was from yam (Dioscorea sp.) peelings. Casing enhanced yield from all substrates. Oil palm fruit fiber spawn is an alternative to the sclerotium in propagating the fungus. Some fungi and pests were assoc...

Wood vinegar is a natural organic pesticide that effective against plant diseases and harmful insects used in agriculture particular for the improvement of soil quality.In different application areas, wood provides protection various bacteria, fungi, insects.Based on its demonstrated as antifungal, this study aimed to use an impregnation agent materials. For purpose, using full-cell process, Pi...