There is a relative lack of information on the course of corticohypoglossal projections in the human brain stem, 2 especially in the medulla. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 11 patients with ischaemic lesions at different brain stem levels, Urban et al showed that pontine lesions at the ventral paramedian base close to the midline affected the con...

There is a relative lack of information on the course of corticohypoglossal projections in the human brain stem, 2 especially in the medulla. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 11 patients with ischaemic lesions at different brain stem levels, Urban et al showed that pontine lesions at the ventral paramedian base close to the midline affected the con...

There is a relative lack of information on the course of corticohypoglossal projections in the human brain stem, 2 especially in the medulla. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 11 patients with ischaemic lesions at different brain stem levels, Urban et al showed that pontine lesions at the ventral paramedian base close to the midline affected the con...

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is an important site of opioid actions and forms part of an analgesic pathway that projects to the spinal cord. The neuronal mechanisms by which opioids act within this brain region remain unclear, particularly in relation to the neurotransmitters GABA and serotonin. In the present study, we examined serotonergic and GABAergic immunoreactivity, identified ...

Systemic administration of a cannabinoid agonist produces antinociception through the activation of pain modulating neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). The aim of the present study was to determine how a cannabinoid receptor agonist acting directly within the RVM affects neuronal activity to produce behaviorally measurable antinociception. In lightly anesthetized rats, two types ...

There is a relative lack of information on the course of corticohypoglossal projections in the human brain stem, 2 especially in the medulla. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 11 patients with ischaemic lesions at different brain stem levels, Urban et al showed that pontine lesions at the ventral paramedian base close to the midline affected the con...