PURPOSE This study investigated the relationship between the roots of the maxillary molars and the maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and measured the distances between the roots of the maxillary molars and the sinus floor as well as the thickness of the bone between the root and the alveolar cortical plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 83 patie...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the number of distal roots and canals in mandibular first molars and their internal anatomy radiographically within Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 310 distal roots of mandibular first molars were incorporated in this study and evaluated in terms of number of roots and number and types of canals. Root canal systems we...

(1) Background: Panax ginseng root is one of the most important herbal products, and the profiling of ginsenosides is critical for the quality control of ginseng roots at different ages in the herbal markets. Furthermore, interest in assessing the contents as well as the localization of biological compounds has been growing. The objective of this study is to carry out the mass spectrometry (MS)...

Extracellular and intracellular electric potentials in bean roots are known to show electric oscillations along the longitudinal axis with a period of several minutes. The relationship between growth and the electric oscillations was studied using roots of adzuki (Phaseolus chrysanthos). We measured surface electric potentials with a multielectrode apparatus while simultaneously measuring elong...

Arabidopsis roots are routinely exposed to light both during their cultivation within transparent Petri dishes and during their confocal microscopy analysis. Here we report that illumination of roots which naturally grow in darkness, even for a few seconds, induces an immediate and strong burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plant scientists studying roots should pay great attention to the e...

Analysis of genes preferentially expressed in hairy roots caused by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes has provided insights into the regulation of lateral root formation. A hairy root preferential cDNA, HR7, has been cloned from hairy roots of Hyoscyamus niger. HR7 encodes a novel protein partially homologous to a metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitor and is expressed exclusively in the primo...

If K is a complete non-archimedean field with a discrete valuation and f ∈ K[X ] is a polynomial with non-vanishing discriminant. The first main result of this paper is about connecting the number of roots of f to the number of roots of its reduction modulo a power of the maximal ideal of the valuation ring of K. If the polynomial f is regular, we give an algorithmic method to compute the exact...

The aim of this paper is to study the roots of interval polynomials. The characterization of such roots is given and an algorithm is developed for computing the interval roots of quadratic polynomials with interval coefficients. Mathematics Subject Classification: 65G40

To assess nickel-induced toxicity in plants, Zea mays seeds were germinated and cultured on nutrient solution with nickel concentrations of 50-200 μM for a period of two weeks. Observed biological makers included biomass, soluble and total protein contents, and the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the l...

The interaction between sodium and calcium, magnesium and calcium and the combined effect of sodium, magnesium and calcium was observed on the growth and ion uptake of Hippophae rhamnoides L. The results demonstrated that an addition of sodium with calcium, (set a, Na 2.5 + Ca 5 mM) showed prominent increase in fresh weight of roots and shoots. The dry weight (average) of roots decreased an...