................................................................................................................................ 37 CHAPTER 1: General Introduction ......................................................................................... 44 TYPES OF BIRD-TO-BIRD PECKING .................................................................................. 47 HOUSING SYSTEMS ...........

A new study of how experience contributes to apparently insightful problem-solving by tool-using crows has shown that operating an apparatus with the beak or a stick promotes novel use of stones on the same apparatus.

Excess production of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid [HA]) in the retro-orbital space is a major component of Graves' ophthalmopathy, and regulation of HA production by orbital cells is a major research area. In most previous studies, HA was measured by ELISAs that used HA-binding proteins for detection and rooster comb HA as standards. We show that the binding efficiency of HA-binding protein in t...

There is growing interest among consumers in foods for sustained energy management, and an increasing number of ingredients are emerging to address this demand. The SUSTRA™ 2434 slowly digestible carbohydrate is a blend of tapioca flour and corn starch, with the potential to provide balanced energy after a meal. The aim of the study was to characterize this starch's digestion profile in vitro (...

In Image-Guided RadioTherapy (IGRT) of lung tumors, patients undergo a 4D CT, on the basis of which their treatment is planned. It is implicitely assumed that their breathing motion will not change much throughout the treatment, and remain close to what it was during the 4D CT acquisition. During the treatment, several cone beam CT acquisitions are performed, and used to re-position the patient...

Populations with multiple morphological or behavioural types provide unique opportunities for studying the causes and consequences of evolutionary diversification. A population of the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) at El Garrapatero on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, features two beak size morphs. These morphs produce acoustically distinctive songs, are subject to disruptive selection and ...

Productive and reproductive performances in terms of body weight, age at first egg, egg production, fertility, hatchability mortality Vanaraja, Rainbow Rooster, Kamruapa Desi chicken Assam were studied under traditional backyard system rearing. The Rooster birds given to rear the frontline demonstration programmes Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dhemaji women farmers district during 2020-21. data on bird...