This paper outlines the authors’ experimental research in rough-wall-bounded turbulent flows that has spanned the past 15 years. The results show that, in general, roughness effects are confined to the inner layer. In accordance with Townsend’s Reynolds number similarity hypothesis, the outer layer is insensitive to surface condition except in the role it plays in setting the length and velocit...

objectives: scaling and root planing (srp) is one of the most commonly used procedures during periodontal treatment. the aim of this study was to evaluate the root surface roughness after srp with erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser compared to ultrasonic and hand instruments.   materials and methods: in this experimental study, 56 extracted sound single-rooted teeth with moderate le...

abstract statement of the problem: surface roughness is a key factor in the aesthetics of restorative dentistry as it can determine the clinical quality and success of restorative materials. the chemical process of dissolution in the presence of mechanical forces can accelerate the surface roughness of tooth-coloured restorative materials. objectives: to determine the degree of surface roughnes...

Abstract: Each year more than 40,000 people die as a result of highway crashes, and 1 in 8 of those fatalities involve commercial motor vehicles. USDOT has set an ambitious goal of a 50 percent reduction in truck-related facilities by the end of this decade. Meeting that goal will involve finding ways of improving the performance of all elements of the system – the driver, the roadway, and the ...

Featured in this pilot experimental study is the construction and design of an instrumented vehicle that is able to capture vehicle trajectory data with an extremely high level of accuracy and time resolution. Once constructed and properly instrumented, the various data collection systems were integrated with one another and a driving experiment was conducted on Northern Virginia roadways with ...

In the U.S., the rise in motorized vehicle travel has contributed to serious societal, environmental, economic, and public health problems. These problems have increased the interest in encouraging non-motorized modes of travel (walking and bicycling). The current study contributes toward this objective by identifying and evaluating the importance of attributes influencing bicyclists’ route cho...

Pervasive smart computing environments make people get accustomed to convenient and secure services. The overall goal of this research is to classify vehicles along the I215 freeway in Salt Lake City, USA. This information will be used to predict future roadway needs and the expected life of a roadway. The classification of vehicles will be performed by a synthesis of multiple sets of features....

The importance of increments to an existing highway system depends upon the values they add to the pre-existing network. Over 50 years ago, Mohring [1965] suggested this logic for planning optimal highway investment programs. Moreover he argued it could be implemented by measuring the quasi-rents generated by specific additions to an existing roadway system. To our knowledge no one has managed ...