Consensus monetary business cycle theory is hardly able to rationalize why ...scal policy is repeatedly found to stimulate private consumption and why monetary policy should care about Ricardian ...scal policy. In this paper we demonstrate that this changes when government bonds provide liquidity services. We develop a simple business cycle, which can be solved analytically, where money is supp...

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine impacts climate change on intermodal transport.
 Methodology: This adopted a desktop methodology. used secondary data from which include review existing literature already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals libraries.
 Findings: impact transport associated with heavy rains, carbon dioxide emiss...

We assess the cyclicality of fiscal policy in 19 Euro area countries, notably during recessions, for period 1995–2020. use a time-varying measure to describe developments. The results suggest that recessions discretionary becomes more pro-cyclical, but overall budget balance counter-cyclical. Hence, pursuing Ricardian regime by indebted countries leads higher counter-cyclicality policy. Governm...